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Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Why the software world needs a 'no-fly zone' for patents | ITworld - 1 views

www.itworld.com/...a-no-fly-zone-for-patents.html

software world needs no-fly zone for patents

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 07 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 07 Oct 15
     
    "Now 10 years old, the Open Invention Network protects more than 2,000 software packages By Katherine Noyes"
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 07 Oct 15
     
    "Credit: flickr/Bob Bob Now 10 years old, the Open Invention Network protects more than 2,000 software packages Katherine Noyes By Katherine Noyes"
Spaceweaver Weaver

Evolution and Creativity: Why Humans Triumphed - WSJ.com - 2 views

online.wsj.com/...3691804575254533386933138.html

culture evolution trade innovation collective intelligence

shared by Spaceweaver Weaver on 05 Jun 10 - Cached
  • Tools were made to the same monotonous design for hundreds of thousands of years and the ecological impact of people was minimal. Then suddenly—bang!—culture exploded, starting in Africa. Why then, why there?
  • Even as it explains very old patterns in prehistory, this idea holds out hope that the human race will prosper mightily in the years ahead—because ideas are having sex with each other as never before.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Once human progress started, it was no longer limited by the size of human brains. Intelligence became collective and cumulative.
  • It is precisely the same in cultural evolution. Trade is to culture as sex is to biology. Exchange makes cultural change collective and cumulative. It becomes possible to draw upon inventions made throughout society, not just in your neighborhood. The rate of cultural and economic progress depends on the rate at which ideas are having sex.
  • Dense populations don't produce innovation in other species. They only do so in human beings, because only human beings indulge in regular exchange of different items among unrelated, unmated individuals and even among strangers. So here is the answer to the puzzle of human takeoff. It was caused by the invention of a collective brain itself made possible by the invention of exchange.
  • Once human beings started swapping things and thoughts, they stumbled upon divisions of labor, in which specialization led to mutually beneficial collective knowledge. Specialization is the means by which exchange encourages innovation: In getting better at making your product or delivering your service, you come up with new tools. The story of the human race has been a gradual spread of specialization and exchange ever since: Prosperity consists of getting more and more narrow in what you make and more and more diverse in what you buy. Self-sufficiency—subsistence—is poverty.
  • And things like the search engine, the mobile phone and container shipping just made ideas a whole lot more promiscuous still.
  • Spaceweaver Weaver on 05 Jun 10
     
    Human evolution presents a puzzle. Nothing seems to explain the sudden takeoff of the last 45,000 years-the conversion of just another rare predatory ape into a planet dominator with rapidly progressing technologies. Once "progress" started to produce new tools, different ways of life and burgeoning populations, it accelerated all over the world, culminating in agriculture, cities, literacy and all the rest. Yet all the ingredients of human success-tool making, big brains, culture, fire, even language-seem to have been in place half a million years before and nothing happened. Tools were made to the same monotonous design for hundreds of thousands of years and the ecological impact of people was minimal. Then suddenly-bang!-culture exploded, starting in Africa. Why then, why there?
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

The open-source programming world has a lot to teach democracy, from Clay Shirky | TED ... - 0 views

blog.ted.com/...further-reading-in-github

git politics ournalism world transformation community TED

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 24 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 24 Nov 14
     
    Further reading in GitHub "The open-source programming world has a lot to teach democracy, says Clay Shirky. In this fascinating talk from TEDGlobal 2012, Shirky harkens back to the early days of the printing press. At the time, a group of "natural philosophers" (who would later adopt the term "scientists") called the Invisible College realized that the press could offer a new way to share and debate their work. However, because printing books would be far too slow for this purpose, they came up with a new invention - the scientific journal."
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 24 Nov 14
     
    Further reading in GitHub "The open-source programming world has a lot to teach democracy, says Clay Shirky. In this fascinating talk from TEDGlobal 2012, Shirky harkens back to the early days of the printing press. At the time, a group of "natural philosophers" (who would later adopt the term "scientists") called the Invisible College realized that the press could offer a new way to share and debate their work. However, because printing books would be far too slow for this purpose, they came up with a new invention - the scientific journal."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Lots of users mean languages gain more words | Ars Technica - 0 views

arstechnica.com/...mean-languages-gain-more-words

lots users mean languages gain more words te we werericher the outcome open source ;)

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 25 Feb 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 25 Feb 15
     
    "Lots of conversations like this can lead to increased novelty in a language. Ed Yourdon If you ever wondered as a child who invented the English language, the answer might have surprised you: no one did. We got this incredibly sophisticated system of communication from no particular person. Languages just sort of sprung up and evolved, just like biological organisms."
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 25 Feb 15
     
    "Lots of conversations like this can lead to increased novelty in a language. Ed Yourdon If you ever wondered as a child who invented the English language, the answer might have surprised you: no one did. We got this incredibly sophisticated system of communication from no particular person. Languages just sort of sprung up and evolved, just like biological organisms."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

Here's What a Commons-Based Economy Looks Like - Commons TransitionCommons Transition - 0 views

commonstransition.org/mmons-based-economy-looks-like

Collective Intelligence Polytopia Commons-Based Economy Michel Bauwens

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 09 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 09 Sep 15
     
    "So what might a commons-based economy actually look like in its broadest dimensions, and how might we achieve it? My colleague Michel Bauwens of the P2P Foundation offers a remarkably thoughtful and detailed explanation in a just-released YouTube talk, produced by FutureSharp. It's not really a video - just Michel's voiceover and a simple schematic chart - but the 20-minute talk does a great job of sketching the big-picture strategies that must be pursued if we are going to invent a new type of post-capitalist economy."
Gonzalo San Gil, PhD.

To Promote the Progress of Science and Useful Arts - 0 views

www.ncddr.org/...1_promote.html

copyright law creation invention progress scieence useful arts

shared by Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 27 Apr 15 - No Cached
  • Gonzalo San Gil, PhD. on 27 Apr 15
     
    "The Congress shall have power . . . . To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries." (U.S. Constitution, 1787)"
Ferananda Ibarra

Network organisation for the 21st century : turbulence - 4 views

turbulence.org.uk/...anisation-for-the-21st-century

collectiveintellgence hubs nodes currencies

shared by Ferananda Ibarra on 12 Apr 11 - Cached
  • On the Virtues of Being Popular In any network, some nodes are more connected than others, making them ‘hubs’. This is a recurring pattern in the evolution of successful networks, ranging from the world wide web to many natural ecosystems. A ‘hub’ is not just a node with a few more connections than a usual node; a hub has connections to many other nodes – many quite distant – and also connects many disparate nodes (nodes of very different types). If you were to count all the connections each node has, you would get a mathematical distribution called a ‘power-law’ distribution with relatively few hyper-connected nodes – hubs – and a ‘long tail’ of less connected nodes.
  • Unlike networks that have a normal or random distribution of connections, networks that have a power-law distribution of connections are ‘scale-free,’ which means that no matter how many more nodes are added to the network, the dynamics and structure remain the same. This seems to be a sweet spot in the evolution of networks for stability and efficiency. The network can get bigger without drastic changes to its function.
  • The Surprising Strength of the Long Tail There is a looming contradiction: how can we have hubs and still have a strong network of dense connections that is not dependent on them? Don’t hubs lead to the emergence of permanent, entrenched leaders, centralisation and other well-documented problems? There is something of a tension here: the point is not simply that we should develop hubs, but that we have to simultaneously ensure that the hubs are never allowed to become static, and that they’re at least partially redundant. Sounds complicated, but healthy and resilient networks aren’t characterised simply by the presence of hubs, but also by the ability of hubs to change over time, and the replacement of previous hubs by apparently quite similar hubs.
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  • The long tail does not drop off into nothingness (which would be the ‘exponential’ rather than ‘power-law’ distribution), where there are a few hubs and every other node has almost no connections. Instead, the long tail is extensive, consisting of small groups of dense connections, going ever onwards. In fact, the vast majority of the connections in the network are not in the hub, but in the long tail. One clear example is that of book-selling in the 21st century: the majority of Amazon.com’s book sales are not in the best-seller list, but in those millions of titles in the long tail that only a few people order. Every successful movement must be built on dense local connections. It is these dense local connections that support the dynamic creation of hubs.
  • In a perfect world, every node would be a hub – we would all easily connect with any other person and be able to communicate. However, creating connections takes time and energy, so nodes that are more long-standing or just have more spare time will naturally become hubs
  • The Construction of Collective Intelligence Hubs tend to evolve naturally in well-functioning networks – but we can accelerate the process of network development
  • Collective intelligence requires a commons of collective representations and memory accessible to the network, and so digital representations on the internet are idea
    • Ferananda Ibarra
      Ferananda Ibarra on 12 Apr 11
       
      That is exactly what they can do! Currencies as currents, as symbols of value enabling and making flows visible. Allowing us to see the tracks of the pheromones, the activities, the streams, the right signals, the hubs. We will be able to measure, trace value much more precisely. We will then be able to compose flows into landscapes (scapes) of that which is interesting for a node, for a hub, for a group or machine. Scapes will allow us to display information in unimaginable ways. Our collective intelligence right there, in the blink of an eye. We will be able to see wholes instead of parts, make patterns more visible.
  • You can imagine this on an individual level: a person using their mobile phone to remember the phone numbers of their friends. With easy access and reliability, the phone almost seems part of your intelligence. Just extend this so that the part of your mind that is extended into the environment is accessible and even modifiable by other people, and collective intelligence begins.
  • This use of the environment to store collective intelligence allows for the easier creation of hubs.
  • Collective intelligence allows highly organised successful actions to be performed by individuals who, with limited memory and knowledge, would otherwise be unable to become hubs.
  • Unfortunately people can’t become hubs without largely re-inventing the wheel. It might be irritating for existing hubs, but it’s true. Being a hub requires more than just introductions, it requires information, skills, knowledge, and a memory of the past. However, we can accelerate this process by decentring as much of the connections and knowledge as possible away from individual humans and onto the environment, whether this environment be books, websites, songs, maps, videos, and a myriad of yet un-thought-of representational forms. A useful example is the pheromone trace of the ant, reinforced as more ants use a particular trail. The mere act of ‘leaving a trail’ shows how individuals with limited memory can use the shaping of the environment as an external memory.
  • A key focus for improving our collective intelligence would be a few central websites compiling analyses of social movements and events, alongside practical pieces from key hubs and organisers on how particular events were pulled off. A collective ratings approach would allow people to quickly find needles in the electronic haystack, via Digg-It-style ‘I like this article’ tags, or collaborative bookmarking, allowing different users to see each other’s bookmarked webpages. Of course some of these types of things exist, with tagging systems well developed on sites of magazines, newspapers and blogs. However, no current website performs the function of an analysis and learning hub
  • If we are to act swiftly and sustain momentum we will need to create collective intelligence – the ability to create accurate records of events, distribute them widely, analyse success and failure, and to pass on skills and knowledge.
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