The purpose of this annotated bibliography is to examine thirty-one selected references that describe the changes to instructional design principles, which are taking place, or need to take place, as a result of the increased usage of mobile devices. In recent years the technology and tools available for learning have changed dramatically, but teaching and learning methodologies have not significantly changed and traditional educational methodologies have been applied to new delivery methods.

One of the most unique characteristics of mobile learning is that it should be delivered in short 'nuggets' rather than large units of information. Successful mobile applications are goal directed, and are not effective if they expect too much reading from a small screen.