Not all operators are
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Values, Types, and Operators :: Eloquent JavaScript - 0 views
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Having such numbers is useful for storing strings inside a computer because it makes it possible to represent them as a sequence of numbers. When comparing strings, JavaScript goes over them from left to right, comparing the numeric codes of the characters one by one.
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There is only one value in JavaScript that is not equal to itself, and that is NaN, which stands for “not a number”.
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In practice, you can usually get by with knowing that of the operators we have seen so far, || has the lowest precedence, then comes &&, then the comparison operators (>, ==, and so on), and then the rest. This order has been chosen such that, in typical expressions like the following one, as few parentheses as possible are necessary:
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The difference in meaning between undefined and null is an accident of JavaScript’s design, and it doesn’t matter most of the time. In the cases where you actually have to concern yourself with these values, I recommend treating them as interchangeable (more on that in a moment).
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When something that doesn’t map to a number in an obvious way (such as "five" or undefined) is converted to a number, the value NaN is produced.
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Further arithmetic operations on NaN keep producing NaN, so if you find yourself getting one of those in an unexpected place, look for accidental type conversions.
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g ==, the outcome is easy to predict: you should get true when both values are the same, except in the case of NaN.
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But when the types differ, JavaScript uses a complicated and confusing set of rules to determine what to do. In most cases, it just tries to convert one of the values to the other value’s type. However, when null or undefined occurs on either side of the operator, it produces true only if both sides are one of null or undefined.
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That last piece of behavior is often useful. When you want to test whether a value has a real value instead of null or undefined, you can simply compare it to null with the == (or !=) operator.
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The rules for converting strings and numbers to Boolean values state that 0, NaN, and the empty string ("") count as false, while all the other values count as true.
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where you do not want any automatic type conversions to happen, there are two extra operators: === and !==. The first tests whether a value is precisely equal to the other, and the second tests whether it is not precisely equal. So "" === false is false as expected.
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The logical operators && and || handle values of different types in a peculiar way. They will convert the value on their left side to Boolean type in order to decide what to do, but depending on the operator and the result of that conversion, they return either the original left-hand value or the right-hand value.
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The || operator, for example, will return the value to its left when that can be converted to true and will return the value on its right otherwise. This conversion works as you’d expect for Boolean values and should do something analogous for values of other types.
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This functionality allows the || operator to be used as a way to fall back on a default value. If you give it an expression that might produce an empty value on the left, the value on the right will be used as a replacement in that case.
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The && operator works similarly, but the other way around. When the value to its left is something that converts to false, it returns that value, and otherwise it returns the value on its right.
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Another important property of these two operators is that the expression to their right is evaluated only when necessary. In the case of true || X, no matter what X is—even if it’s an expression that does something terrible—the result will be true, and X is never evaluated. The same goes for false && X, which is false and will ignore X. This is called short-circuit evaluation.
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shared by Joel Bennett on 20 Jul 10
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The Performance of Arrays - Chris Burrows - 2 views
blogs.msdn.com/...the-performance-of-arrays.aspx
Development .Net Arrays Covariant Performance Reference
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where did that exception come from? It came from the runtime, which was in a unique position to know what the real type of the array object was, and the real type of the element. It needed to determine if the assignment was allowable and throw if not. Now if you think about this for a minute, you can see that it’s going to have to perform that check for every assignment to an array element
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So if I want to have an array of reference types, but get the runtime to treat it like an array of value types, what have I got to do? Just wrap the reference type in a value type
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So I got rid of that check, right? But I added the initialization of a value type. Did I win or lose? Let’s do some timing to figure it out.
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when I build Debug binaries, the Reference<T> trick makes my example about three times SLOWER.
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Radiant CMS: Why Radiant? - 0 views
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I was hoping to provide a list of my blog posts from RSS feeds, as well as links to all of the articles that I have commented on with my friends' blogs. I could list all of my friends' blogs and scrape them periodically, but I was hoping for a solution that uses trackbacks, or whatever pingback-style facilities are available on my friends' blogs. Granted this type of support will vary from site to site, but it should be possible to build a complete publishing record automatically, with the standards we have available today. I posted a comment on otierney.net (my friend Tristan is up on all the latest web standards) and I noticed that his blogger is collecting URLs along with emails. I filled in the link to my Radiant CMS on nerdland.org but I'm afraid my blogger is not going to do anything to collect these pingbacks, when they are fired. Can anyone point out an example code segment or project that highlights this type of behavior?
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shared by Matteo Spreafico on 10 Aug 09
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Joe Duffy's Weblog - OnBeingStateful - 0 views
www.bluebytesoftware.com/...OnBeingStateful.aspx
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The biggest question left unanswered in my mind is the role state will play in software of the future.
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The biggest question left unanswered in my mind is the role state will play in software of the future. That seems like an absurd statement, or a naïve one at the very least. State is everywhere: The values held in memory. Data locally on disk. Data in-flight that is being sent over a network. Data stored in the cloud, including on a database, remote filesystem, etc. Certainly all of these kinds of state will continue to exist far into the future. Data is king, and is one major factor that will drive the shift to parallel computing. The question then is how will concurrent programs interact with this state, read and mutate it, and what isolation and synchronization mechanisms are necessary to do so?
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Many programs have ample gratuitous dependencies, simply because of the habits we’ve grown accustomed to over 30 odd years of imperative programming. Our education, mental models, books, best-of-breed algorithms, libraries, and languages all push us in this direction. We like to scribble intermediary state into shared variables because it’s simple to do so and because it maps to our von Neumann model of how the computer works.
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We need to get rid of these gratuitous dependencies. Merely papering over them with a transaction—making them “safe”—doesn’t do anything to improve the natural parallelism that a program contains. It just ensures it doesn’t crash. Sure, that’s plenty important, but providing programming models and patterns to eliminate the gratuitous dependencies also achieves the goal of not crashing but with the added benefit of actually improving scalability too. Transactions have worked so well in enabling automatic parallelism in databases because the basic model itself (without transactions) already implies natural isolation among queries. Transactions break down and scalability suffers for programs that aren’t architected in this way. We should learn from the experience of the database community in this regard
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There will always be hidden mutation of shared state inside lower level system components. These are often called “benevolent side-effects,” thanks to Hoare, and apply to things like lazy initialization and memorization caches. These will be done by concurrency ninjas who understand locks. And their effects will be isolated by convention.
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Even with all of this support, we’d be left with an ecosystem of libraries like the .NET Framework itself which have been built atop a fundamentally mutable and imperative system. The path forward here is less clear to me, although having the ability to retain a mutable model within pockets of guaranteed isolation certainly makes me think the libraries are salvageable. Thankfully, the shift will likely be very gradual, and the pieces that pose substantial problems can be rewritten in place incrementally over time. But we need the fundamental language and type system support first.
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JavaScript as a Functional Language | Ajaxonomy | 2009 - 0 views
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there is a little bit of hand-waving involved in calling JavaScript a functional language. JavaScript is not a side-effect free language, nor is it an expression-based language (i.e., it is not value-oriented, but rather variable-oriented). There is no tail call optimization in any of the current implementations, so recursion must be kept shallow. And the list goes on. Truth be told, JavaScript is really one of the first hybrid imperative-functional languages.
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Since JavaScript does not have "overloaded" functions, this type of functionality is usually simulated using manipulation of the function's arguments. Currying comes in handy because it allows you to do this manipulation in a much cleaner and more modular way.
- ...1 more annotation...
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Closures have quite a few applications in real-world JavaScript: event binding, callbacks, sorting, mapping (in the classical Lisp sense), and many others. In more modern JavaScript programming, you can find them almost everywhere.
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The Cleverest Geeky Windows Tricks Everyone Should Know - 18 views
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You might recognize a few of these tips (we've covered most of them here before), but chances are good there's something new in the list for just about everybody. And if you know all of them already? Pat yourself on the back for your masterful geek skills.
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