arrays of reference types are covariant in their element type, but not safely
where did that exception come from? It came from the runtime, which was in a unique position to know what the real type of the array object was, and the real type of the element. It needed to determine if the assignment was allowable and throw if not. Now if you think about this for a minute, you can see that it’s going to have to perform that check for every assignment to an array element
So if I want to have an array of reference types, but get the runtime to treat it like an array of value types, what have I got to do? Just wrap the reference type in a value type
So I got rid of that check, right? But I added the initialization of a value type. Did I win or lose? Let’s do some timing to figure it out.
when I build Debug binaries, the Reference<T> trick makes my example about three times SLOWER.
Arrays are covariant only for reference types. If you use a struct wrapper to turn a reference type into a value type, the initialization of the value type takes less time than array assignment.
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"&nbsp;" "&#160;" and "\u00A0" have
nothing, NOTHING to do with UTF-8.
There is a character -- an abstract unit in a "script" (a writing
system;
we are using Latin right now) -- called NO-BREAK SPACE by the Unicode
Standard and ISO/IEC 10646. Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 assign this
character an integer number, 160, which is A0 in hex.
UTF-8 is an encoding scheme that provides a way of representing any
of the approximately 1.1 million possible abstract characters in Unicode
as a sequence of 1 to 4 bytes.
« [...] " " " " and "\u00A0" have nothing, NOTHING to do with UTF-8 [...] Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 assign this character an integer number, 160, which is A0 in hex [...] UTF-8 is an encoding scheme [...] The UTF-8 representation of the Unicode character 160 (no-break space), is the pair of bytes C2 A0. »
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design and build your application as a .NET client application, then assign the
portions of the application to run on the server and the client tiers late in
the development process. The compiler creates cross-browser JavaScript for the
client tier, web services for the server tier, and communication, serialization,
synchronization, security, and other boilerplate code to tie the tiers together.
Volta is to .Net what the Google Web Toolkit is to Java ... except it goes *way* further, because it lets you write a multi-tiered application as a rich-client app and then choose to have the client portion "compile" to HTML+Javascript ...