Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Assessment of Risk from Drinking Water
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Assessment of Risk from Drinking Water
The Issue
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that is naturally found in many types of drinking water. For example, it is a violation of European regulations to have Pseudomonas aeruginosa present in a 250 ml sample of bottled water. However, no such regulation exists in the United States. Apparently, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa regulation in Europe originated as a quality control issue and not as a health effects issue. During the last decade, a number of papers have appeared that have indicated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa from drinking water is a health threat. However, it is not considered a health threat by those in the clinical microbiology or infectious diseases communities. Therefore, an assessment of health risk to humans from Pseudomonas aeruginosa from drinking water was conducted.
Research Strategy
A practicing infectious disease physician (Dr. Catherine Hardalo, Yale University) and a medical microbiologist (Dr. Stephen Edberg, Yale University) collaborated to perform the health risk analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from drinking water. An extensive literature search was conducted and colleagues were consulted.
Major Findings and Significance
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium. It can be recovered, often in high numbers, in common food, especially vegetables. Moreover, it can be recovered in low numbers in drinking water. A small percentage of clones of Pseudomonas aeruginosa possess the required number of virulence factors to cause infection. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa will not proliferate on normal tissue but requires previously damaged organs. Further narrowing the risk to human health is that only certain specific hosts are at risk, including patients with profound neutropenia, cystic fibrosis, severe burns, and those subject to foreign device installation. Other than these very well de
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