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started by lifelinelab on 16 Apr 19
  • lifelinelab
    #1 lifelinelab on 16 Apr 19
     

    High blood pressure or hypertension means persistent rise in blood pressure and can lead to damage of organs such as the kidney, brain and eyes.



    The blood pressure varies according to the level of activity and emotional state. The blood pressure is controlled by various chemicals in the blood and the autonomic nervous system.



    Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury. A single measurement of blood pressure is not significant. Typically multiple readings are taken on different days and times and if values are consistently high a diagnosis of hypertension is made. The following table indicates the classification of hypertension as recommended by Joint National committee on Prevention Detection and Evaluation of high blood pressure.


    Blood Pressure Classifications (JNC7)


    Category Systolic mm Hg (top number-force when heart is pumping) Diastolic mm Hg (bottom number-force when heart is at rest) Normal Less than 120 and Less than 80 Pre-Hypertension 120-139 or 80-89 Hypertension Stage I 140-159 or 90-99 Hypertension Stage II Equal to or greater than 160 or Equal to or greater than 100



    High blood pressure rarely causes signs and symptoms and hence it is called a ‘silent killer’. In most people (95%) the cause of blood pressure is unknown or idiopathic. This is called essential or primary hypertension however many associated factors increase the risk of associated with hypertension. These includes obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, excessive use of alcohol and excessive dietary sodium.



    Hypertensions due to identifiable causes are called secondary hypertension. The conditions resulting in secondary hypertension are:



    Kidney disease or damageHeart diseaseDiabetesArteriosclerosisCushing syndromeHyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)PheochromocytomaThyroid diseasePregnancy


    Path Lab in Delhi investigation of Hypertension


    To detect and confirm high blood pressure.To determine whether the cause is an underlying medical condition that can possibly be resolved or controlled To evaluate the status of body organs and get a baseline of organ health prior to the start of drug therapiesTo monitor hypertension control and organ status over time.



    LABORATORY TESTS



    Laboratory testing is not diagnostic for hypertension, but tests are frequently ordered to detect conditions that may be causing and/or exacerbating high blood pressure and to evaluate and monitor organ function over time.



    General tests that may be ordered include:



    Urinalysis,urine protein – to help assess kidney function- Long term hypertension can damage Kidney and also renal disease can cause Hypertension, hence it is essential to assess the status of the kidney.Urinary albumin (microalbumin),to detect and monitor kidney dysfunction.Fasting glucose,A1C – to help recognize diabetes and to monitor glucose control over time in diabetic patients, Diabetes may be coexistant with hypertension and increases the risk.Kidney Function Tests with levels of sodium and calcium.TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)and T4 abnormalities of the thyroid gland can also contribute to hypertension.Lipid profile– to evaluate levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides and assess the risk of developing atherosclerosis



    Specific tests based on the individual’s medical history, physical findings, and routine laboratory test results may be ordered to help detect, diagnose, and monitor conditions causing secondary hypertension. They include:



    Aldosterone and Renin– to help detect the overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands (which may be due to atumor) or renin by the kidneys (which may be due to kidney damage or narrowing of the arteries bringing blood to the kidneys)Cortisol– to detect an overproduction of cortisol that may be due to Cushing syndromeCatecholaminesand Metanephrines – to measure epinephrine, norepinephrine, and their metabolites, primarily to help detect the presence of a pheochromocytoma that can cause episodes of severe hypertension



    Non-laboratory test



    ECG (electrocardiography)– to evaluate the heart rate and rhythm and look for evidence of heart damageEye exam – to look at theretina for changes in the blood vessels (retinopathy) that are caused by prolonged hypertension. It is recommended to visit NABL accrediteed best path lab in delhi for lab test



     

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