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Some Notes on Cranial Manipulation -- Cranial osteopathy -- also known as craniosacral therapy -- was developed by William G. Sutherland, DO, who published the first article on this subject in the early 1930s. Cranio refers to the head, sacral to the base of the spine. The "craniosacral system" encloses the spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, meninges, and bones of the skull and spine.

Completed study. Objective of this project was to develop and evaluate two different alternative or complementary medical modalities that have been used in children with cerebral palsy by practitioners in an attempt to decelerate the complications from the neurologic insult and resultant muscle imbalance.

Idiopathic juvenile thoracic scoliosis is a tridimensional deformation of the spine which may impact on the intrathoracic organs. Bracing is one of the oldest treatments of spinal deformities. It relies on the indirect manipulation of spinal curvatures in order to prevent curve progression, which may affect respiratory function.The acoustic reflection method is based on the analysis of the reflection of a single transient planar wave giving the longitudinal cross-sectional area profile of the examined cavity. It is noninvasive and harmless.The EOS™ device allows a double incidence, full body, and low-dose X-ray acquisition with thoracic 3D reconstruction.The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of bracing on the upper airways patency (by means of the acoustic method), on the breathing pattern (noninvasive respiratory muscles assessment), and on the thoracic penetration index (by means of the EOS™)

Princeton University McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience explores the ways in which the brain acquires, modifies and stores information during cognitive processes, efforts that are of critical importance to Princeton scientists as they advance knowledge of neural coding and dynamics.Neural coding refers to the ways in which information is represented in the electrical and biochemical signals in neurons (perception and short-term memory) and the patterns of synaptic connections (long-term memory). Neural dynamics refers to the patterns of nerve cell electrical and chemical activity in which information is created, manipulated, and stored. Neural dynamics are involved in decision-making, planning, and executing sequences of behavior.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT News - Robotic Therapy holds promise for Cerebral Palsy - Devices can help children with brain injuries learn to grasp and manipulate objects