The truth is that our biggest innovations come from the combination of art and science, and there are many who agree.

Instructional Uses. With the iPod, students can download podcasts of relevant instructional material along with audio and video lectures. Although the early devices have rather small screens, future versions probably will have bigger screens so that users can read e-books on them.

Pros. With 87 percent of the market share, the iPod has already proven its popularity with students.

Instructional Uses. Students can use an MP3 player to download and listen to podcasts and audio lectures.

E-book readers are used to download text-based materials. They can store hundreds of e-books, newspapers, and magazines. Magnification and highlighting features facilitate easy reading and marking of texts, and full-text search makes it easy to find specific passages.

Instructional Uses. Students can use an e-book reader to download and store text-based instructional materials and electronic textbooks; read resources on demand; and conduct research.

Benefits: Great for people on the go. Anytime, anywhere access to content. Can enhance interaction between and among students and instructors. Great for just-in-time training or review of content. Can enhance student-centered learning. Can appeal to tech-savvy students because of the media-rich environment. Support differentiation of student learning needs and personalized learning.7 Reduce cultural and communication barriers between faculty and students by using communication channels that students like.8 Facilitate collaboration through synchronous and asynchronous communication.Challenges: May make it easier to cheat. Could give tech-savvy students an advantage over non-technical students. Can create a feeling of isolation or of being out-of-the-loop for non-techies. May require media to be reformatted or offered in multiple formats. Might render some content outdated because of rapid upgrades—here today, outdated tomorrow. Could require additional learning curve for non-technical students and faculty. May be used as a new high-tech package for the same old dull and boring content.

capitalize on the flexibility and freedom afforded by these devices.

wherever and whenever they need it.

Learning will center on the individual learner's environment rather than the classroom. Learning will involve learners making meaningful connections to resources and other people. The ability to instantly publish their observations and reflections as digital media will empower learners to become investigators of their own environments. The ability to easily capture and record life events will assist learners in recall and collaborative reflection. Distributed collaboration and mobile team opportunities will be greatly enhanced.

Behaviorism: Quick feedback or reinforcement can be facilitated through mobile devices. Constructivism: Mobile devices enable immersive experiences such as those provided by simulations or games. Situated learning: Learners can take mobile devices into authentic learning environments or "context-aware" environments, such as specially equipped museums. Collaborative learning: Mobile devices provide a handy additional means of communication and a portable means of electronic information gathering and sharing. Informal/lifelong learning: Mobile devices accompany users in their everyday experiences and become a convenient source of information or means of communication that assists with learning. Support/coordination: Mobile devices provide just-in-time access to learning resources, news, information, planners, address books, calculators, and so forth.