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NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - One of the most common types of knee surgery performed in the U.S. is no more effective than fake surgery, at least for the first year, according to a new study. The new evidence should give doctors pause before they try to repair the meniscus, which cushions the bones of the knee, according to the Finnish doctors behind the research published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The experiment involved 146 volunteers whose knee pain appeared to be caused by wear and tear of that cushion. None of the participants had a recognized injury or osteoarthritis, both situations for which the surgery is already known to be ineffective. After 12 months, the average improvement among the people who received real surgery and those who got "sham" surgery was essentially the same, said the research team, led by Dr. Teppo Jarvinen of University of Helsinki. There was no significant improvement in knee pain after exercise and no sizable improvement in the likelihood that a patient would require subsequent knee surgery. But Dr. Craig Bennett, chief of sports medicine at the University of Maryland Medical Center, cautioned that the findings should not be over-generalized. One problem, he told Reuters Health in a telephone interview, is that such "sham" surgery is, in fact, a surgical procedure with potential benefit. People with knee pain who seem to be candidates for meniscal repair may be suffering because of debris in a swollen knee joint. "If you scope the knee (without touching the cushion), that will often help even if you don't completely address the torn meniscus issue," he said. During an arthroscopic examination, where fluid is injected to give doctors a good view, "you're taking out the junky, thick irritating fluid that can give a lot of people their pain," he said. During both sham and regular surgery, small holes are poked through either side of the knee, so doctors can insert instruments to examine the joint. With the surgery, kn

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