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The aim of this paper is to present a description of the business models of three social networks, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter, including a description of how they are, or strive at, making money. Making money is certainly not the aim of all social activities and some social networks have, indeed, started without any commercial ambitions. At a point of time, however, if a social network grows beyond its immediate social setting, the issue will be raised how money is to be made - if not for other purposes then for covering the costs of maintaining and developing the network. As mentioned in the Twitter case (section 4), one of the co-founders of Twitter, Ewan Williams, has been cited for saying that "we're not worried about monetization, we're just worried about making a fantastic product"

Although this is an old document, this is a nice read on some of the challenges NGO's face in Tanzania.

Fair trade is a movement. This is bibliography of how its has evolved as a social movement and the experiments with institutionalization.