most common treatment for learning disabilities is special education.

Learning disabilitie

not recognized until the child reaches school age

earning disabilities can be lifelong conditions.

single, isolated learning problem that has little impact on their lives.

Handouts that can be read before or after class or other presentation are useful.

Examples of accommodations

interpreters sound amplification systems note takers real-time captioning email for faculty-student meetings and class discussions visual warning systems for lab emergencies changing computer auditory signals to flash changes captioned video presentations

When speaking, make sure the student can see your face and avoid unnecessary pacing and moving. When speaking, avoid obscuring your lips or face with hands, books, or other materials. Repeat discussion questions and statements made by other students. Write discussion questions/answers on a whiteboard or overhead projector. Speak clearly and at a normal rate. Use visual aids with few words and large images and fonts. Provide written outlines, assignments, instructions, and demonstration summaries and distribute them before the class or other presentation when possible.

direct your speaking style and adjust the "pace" of instruction to make information more accessible to a student with a hearing impairment.

Some students who are hard of hearing may hear only specific frequencies or sounds within a certain volume range.

They may have difficulty following lectures in large halls, particularly if the acoustics cause echoes or if the speaker talks quietly, rapidly, or unclearly. People who have hearing impairments may find it difficult to simultaneously watch demonstrations and follow verbal descriptions, particularly if they are watching a sign language interpreter, a captioning screen, or a speaker's lips. Small group discussions may also be difficult to follow or participate in, particularly if the discussion is fast-paced and unmoderated, since there is often lag time between a speaker's comments and interpretation.

mild to moderate cognitive impairment

usually are diagnosed before or at birth.

single domain

developmental disorder; developmental arrest and regression; and developmental disability.

occurs when a child does not achieve developmental milestones in comparison to peers of the same age range.

moderate

Developmental delays are common and can involve either a single domain or multiple domains of the child’s functioning.Early identification of developmental delays and appropriate management can positively alter the child’s developmental trajectory.Primary care physicians play a pivotal role in early identification of developmental delays through developmental screening and surveillance.For children presenting with mild developmental delays and in the absence of any red flags, appropriate stimulation activities can be suggested, with close monitoring of the child.There should be a low threshold for specialist referral for children at high risk for developmental problems, such as those who are in care, have an underlying chronic medical condition, or have a primary caregiver with a mental health problem.

amily doctors, regular and special education teachers, speech-language pathologists, rehabilitation engineers, occupational therapists, and other specialists including consulting representatives from companies that manufacture assistive technology.

Have a child 18 years of age or younger, orBe pregnant, orBe 18 years of age or younger and the head of your household.

articulation therapy, language intervention activities, and others depending on the type of speech or language disorder.

develop in childhood

n adults caused by an injury or illness, such as stroke or brain injury.

For your child

During speech therapy for children, the SLP may:

nteract through talking and playing, and using books, pictures other objects as part of language intervention to help stimulate language developmentmodel correct sounds and syllables for a child during age-appropriate play to teach the child how to make certain soundsprovide strategies and homework for the child and parent or caregiver on how to do speech therapy at home

peech therapy exercises for adults can help you with speech, language, and cognitive communication.

problem solving, memory, and organization, and other activities geared at improving cognitive communicationconversational tactics to improve social communicationbreathing exercises for resonanceexercises to strengthen oral muscles

strengths within auditory perception, rote verbal information, and simple motor skills.

strengths in reading abilities

tactile and visual perception, complex psychomotor abilities, and processing novel information.

attention and memory for tactile and visual information, concept formation, and problem-solving.

rouble with reading comprehension (especially complex material), mathematics, and science.

Social and emotional deficits are also characteristic of NLD, and may present as disturbed social perception, social judgment, and/or social interaction

academic support for those with NLD is critical

ose the ability to walk independently or at all, while others may experience long periods of remission without any new symptoms.

no cure for multiple sclerosis

Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs that typically occurs on one side of your body at a time, or your legs and trunk Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, especially bending the neck forward (Lhermitte sign) Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait

lurred speech Fatigue Dizziness Tingling or pain in parts of your body Problems with sexual, bowel and bladder function

xperience periods of new symptoms or relapses that develop over days or weeks and usually improve partially or completely.

Muscle stiffness or spasms Paralysis, typically in the legs Problems with bladder, bowel or sexual function Mental changes, such as forgetfulness or mood swings Depression Epilepsy

autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues.

Certain infections

Climate

Vitamin D

Certain autoimmune diseases

Smoking

elapses are followed by quiet periods of disease remission that can last months or even years.

medications and therapy can help manage symptoms and slow the course of the disease.

no cure

Specific signs and symptoms begin at different ages and in different muscle groups, depending on the type of muscular dystrophy.

common in boys.

Signs and symptoms

Frequent falls Difficulty rising from a lying or sitting position Trouble running and jumping Waddling gait Walking on the toes Large calf muscles Muscle pain and stiffness Learning disabilities Delayed growth

Symptoms generally begin in the teens but might not occur until the mid-20s or later.

Myotonic.

Facioscapulohumeral (FSHD).

Congenital.

Limb-girdle.

Certain genes are involved in making proteins that protect muscle fibers. Muscular dystrophy occurs when one of these genes is defective.

Trouble walking.

Trouble using arms.

Shortening of muscles or tendons around joints (contractures)

Breathing problems.

Curved spine (scoliosis).

Heart problems.

Swallowing problems.

CP is caused by abnormal brain development or damage to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to control his or her muscles.

symptoms of CP vary from person to person.

pastic CP affects about 80% of people

symptoms can change over a person’s lifetime.

intellectual disability; seizures; problems with vision, hearing, or speech; changes in the spine (such as scoliosis); or joint problems (such as contractures).

Stiff muscles (spasticity)

Uncontrollable movements (dyskinesia)

Poor balance and coordination (ataxia)

both a criterion-based observation and interview-based process to measure knowledge, skills and behaviors

assessment

first scale

rates the level of independence with which the individual is able to perform the skills.