Bangladesh Developments

We believe the ADB’s latest predictions are more credible and plausible - although it shows GDP in Bangladesh slower at 5.6% than the Bangladesh Government’s current official forecast of 6%, it is worth emphasizing that this still results in Bangladesh achieving the second fastest growth within Asia, and expanding more than India, a remarkable achievement in terms of economic resilience.

As noted by the World Bank, collapsing Global Trade demand in advanced economies has had serious implications for global trade, with 2009 expected to experience the first yearly decline in world trade volumes since 1982, the largest decline in 80 years.

The World Bank forecasts that remittance flows are estimated to have reached USD 305 billion in 2008, an increase of around 9 percent from 2007

The yield, generally known as interest rate, on 91-day T-bill decreased to 7.70-7.80 percent Sunday from 7.92 percent of the previous auction, held on January 25.Besides, the yield on 364-day T-bill came down to 8.57 percent on the day from 8.60 per cent of the previous auction, held on March 22 last.

The annual growth in the number of workers leaving Bangladesh for overseas jobs slowed sharply to 5.1 percent in 2008 compared to 118.2 percent in 2007.Among the major destinations for overseas employment, new jobs for Bangladeshi workers in Saudi Arabia fell by 35.3 percent in 2008. Kuwait has reduced hiring Bangladeshi workers since late 2006. In 2008 new jobs for Bangladeshi workers in Kuwait fell by 92.4 percent and in Bahrain by 19.8 percent.New job opportunities also declined in 2008 in Malaysia by 51.8 percent and in Brunei by 11.1 percent on economic downturn.The recession is also badly affecting new Bangladeshi job seekers in Europe. Jobs fell by 36.7 percent in Italy and 2.1 percent in the UK in 2008.Job opportunities however grew by 202.6 percent in Oman, 85.2 percent in the UAE, 68.9 percent in Qatar and 47.6 percent in Singapore.The central bank officials' forecast indicates a lower remittance inflow in the next few months as a significant number of workers returned home.

According to the latest revisions by the World Bank, India, China and Mexico retain their position as the top recipients of remittances among developing countries. The top 10 recipients list also includes Philippines, Poland, Nigeria, Romania, Egypt, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

 According to BB statistics, Bangladesh's remittance inflow grew24.43 percent to around 7.03 billion U.S. dollars in July-March period of the current fiscal year (July 2008-June 2009) despite a global recession that forces job cuts around the world.     Bangladesh's exports in the first eight months of the current fiscal year 2008-09 (July 2008-June 2009) posted 15.90 percent growth and stood at around 10.35 billion U.S. dollars.     The country's Letter of Credits (L/Cs) against imports worth 1.57 billion were settled in February over that of 1.999 billion U.S. dollars in January, according to the central bank provisional statistics.

There are more than 70 lakh power customers across the country with the peak demand for power exceeding 5,200 megawatt (MW) against a maximum supply of 3,300 MW last year.

The PDB’s earning rate from power sales is decreasing incrementally. On an average, the PDB now purchases power at Tk 2.53 per kilowatt hour (per unit) and sells it at Tk 2.15. In 05-06, the PDB earned Tk 2.27 per unit by selling power and Tk 2.41 in the previous fiscal year. It sells 80 percent of its power to the Desa, Desco, REB, and the Western Zone or Westzone at a rate much lower than its average price. For instance, the REB buys power at Tk 1.94 a unit and sells it around Tk 3 to rural customers. In addition, in the last fiscal, the PDB handed over huge distribution lines to REB. Some of these included PDB’s profitable zones. The Desa, which is the biggest consumer, and is mainly responsible for the loss making spectacle where power thieves take away nearly one fourth of the sales, pays the PDB Tk 1.88 per unit. The Desa however pays another Tk 0.23 per unit to the PGCB as transmission fee. The PDB sells the remaining 20 percent of the total power to its own customers at a much better rate. But this share is too little to improve the PDB’s financial condition. Only a few years back, the PDB’s average power purchase cost Tk 2.15 per unit while the sale price was around Tk 2.4. Back then, systems loss had been the major cause of the PDB’s loss.

DEALING WITH THE IPPS In addition to incurring losses, the PDB is contract-bound to make payments to independent power plants (IPPs) or for private power in foreign currency. Often the PDB is seen running into severe liquidity crisis in making these payments. The cost of IPP power had been largely very friendly for the PDB but the lack of PDB’s power sales price adjustments in the recent years is now taking its toll. The PDB paid a total of Tk 1,707 crore in 2004-05 and Tk 1,934 crore in 2005-06 to IPPs. The IPPS in 2005-06 supplied over 36 percent of the total electricity distributed across the country. The country produced 2,2741 gigawatt hour power during this time in which the IPPs supplied 8,286 gWh. Of all the IPPs, the Meghnaghat and the Haripur AES plants — 450MW and 360 MW — have kept the sinking PDB afloat for a few years. While the PDB swallows heavy losses from all private and public power plants due to inconsistent government policies, power from both Meghnaghat and Haripur plants remain the least costly. The average cost of Meghanaght power was Tk 1.46 a unit in 2004-05 and Tk 1.59 in 05-06, Haripur Tk 1. 25 in 2004-05 and Tk 1.33 in 05-06. The price remains low because of the original deals, and size and location of the plants although the deals demand payment in dollars. In contrast, other IPPs which were conceived and pushed by the Awami League government have remained unkind to the PDB. Two Mymensingh 70 MW simple cycle gas-fired units under the Rural Power Company (RPCL) charged Tk 3.51 a unit in 2005-06. The RPCL is owned by the government’s Rural Electrification Board (REB) and several palli bidyut samities, and is not a typical privately owned company. The NEPC 90 MW gas fired barge-mount plant charged Tk 3.63 a unit in 2005-06, Westmont 90 MW gas-fired barge-mount plant charged Tk 3.68 a unit during the same period and Khulna 110 MW oil-fired plant Tk 8.49 a unit. “Of them, Khulna unit is costly because it uses imported oil. Oil price has gone up from $90 a tonne to $300 in two years. The NEPC and Westmont deals demand payment in dollars, and the high dollar rate has contributed to this price hike,” one source pointed out. “Besides, small power deals always put up comparatively high prices.”

After perfecting the community-based composting model, Waste Concern turned its attention to the many tons of organic waste generated by Dhaka’s business sector, notably its many produce markets. WC took advantage of the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to create the world’s first carbon-trading scheme based on compost. Last November it launched this new project at its Bulta plant, which lies next to farmland and brick factories a couple of hours northeast of Dhaka. Initially, this new project collected only 10 tons of organic waste daily from the Karwan Bazar market, but it should reach 100 tons later this month, says deputy plant manager Syed “Jubilee” Ahmed. After the waste is trucked in, it is spread out in open-air bins, monitored carefully, and becomes saleable compost in a little over a month. Two other CDM composting plants are planned to open this year to handle a combined 700 tons of organic waste per day, says Sinha. That works out to 233 tons of finished, dry compost every day with a retail value of nearly $14,000. Composting works well in a nation like Bangladesh because of the tropical climate and high percentage of organic waste in the trash stream. Organic waste buried in a landfill can generate greenhouse gases, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency. But when the organic waste is composted in the open air, these gases are not made. The fact of this negative generation amounts to carbon credits, which can be traded on overseas markets for $20 per ton. “From one ton of organic waste,” says Sinha. “You can reduce half a ton of greenhouse gas.” When it reaches full capacity, this CDM project will reduce CO2 emissions by 127,750 tons per year. The carbon credits will be worth $2.5 million. “Waste Concern is doing a commendable job,” says Quamrul Islam Chowdhury, chairman of Forum of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh. “It is really important to translate those wastes into resources because that will help the country achieve sustainable development in the years ahead.”

  The EPZs of Bangladesh is known in investment sector as an emerging star of South Asia because EPZs of Bangladesh called Asia’s low cost production base, the release mentioned. > > > >

Korean Youngone Group to expand in Dhaka EPZ

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Foreign banks are trying to gain a foothold in Vietnam, where the government forecasts economic growth will top 8.5 percent by the end of the decade. The nation joined the World Trade Organization this year and its benchmark stock index has climbed 34 percent since Dec. 31.

Bangladesh capital Dhaka is one of the fastest growing cities in the world with over 11 million population, the annual United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) report for 2007 said.

It said in Bangladesh about 27 percent of the total population live in urban areas and urban population growth is projected to be 3.5 percent per year up to 2010.

"The number of subscribers doubled in one year -- up from 11 million in 2006 to about 22 million in March 2007, and is forecast to increase to 44 million by 2009," the ADB said in a report released on Tuesday. It said that mobile telecommunications had become one of the most vibrant service sectors in Bangladesh with its growing network coverage, which reaches about 97 percent of the country's population and 82 percent of the land area.