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Tero Toivanen

Sensory processing in autism - 0 views

aut.sagepub.com/...215

autism sensory processing Sensory Profile

shared by Tero Toivanen on 24 May 09 - Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 24 May 09
     
    Furthermore, analysis of the patterns of sensory processing impairments revealed striking within-group variability in the ASD group, suggesting that individuals with ASD could experience very different, yet similarly severe, sensory processing abnormalities. These results suggest that unusual sensory processing in ASD extends across the lifespan and have implications regarding both the treatment and the diagnosis of ASD in adulthood.
Tero Toivanen

Autism Research Blog: Translating Autism: Sensory sensitivity as early sign of autism: ... - 0 views

www.translatingautism.com/...sitivity-as-early-sign-of.html

autism sensory sensivity

shared by Tero Toivanen on 16 Mar 09 - Cached
  • When compared to children with non-ASD developmental delays, children with autism had significantly more tactile sensitivity, auditory anomalies (low response), and taste/smell sensitivity.
  • in this study the authors wanted to determine whether sensory abnormalities would differentiate between children with ASD and children with other developmental conditions.
  • When compared to the children with non-ASD developmental delays, the children with autism had significantly more tactile sensitivity, auditory anomalies (low response), and taste/smell sensitivity. The authors did not find differences between the two groups in visual or auditory over-sensitivity.
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  • results provide indirect support for the common clinical practice of considering signs of sensory sensitivities as one factor when determining whether a child has an ASD, a developmental delay, or a language delay.
  • early sensory sensitivity should be one of the factors examined by pediatricians during healthy baby checkups.
  • results do not tell us whether the levels of sensory anomalies observed in the non-ASD group are higher than what is expected among typically developing children.
  • Tero Toivanen on 16 Mar 09
     
    When compared to children with non-ASD developmental delays, children with autism had significantly more tactile sensitivity, auditory anomalies (low response), and taste/smell sensitivity.
Tero Toivanen

MedPie | Autism Among Somalis in Minnesota and Sweden: is it the Low Sunlight? - 0 views

www.medpie.com/...autism-somali-MN.html

autism vitamin D

shared by Tero Toivanen on 08 Apr 09 - Cached
  • High autism rates have been found in Somali imigrants living in Sweden and in Minnesota.  What does Sweden have in common with Minnesota, besides wolves and snow?  They are both at high lattitudes and get low sunlight, especially in the winter.  Swedish researchers have proposed that vitamin D deficiency may play a role in the high incidence of autism found among Somali immigrant children.  Vitamin D is made in the skin from sunlight. 
  • Several medical-cultural trends may have combined to produce vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women, infants, and children, possibly predisposing children to autism: widespread use of sunscreen and avoiding outdoor exposure during peak hours, and reduced consumption of fatty cold-water fish by pregnant women, due to fears of mercury contamination. 
  • Herndon et al report that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder consume significantly fewer servings of dairy products than children without ASD, although both children with ASD and those without were deficient in vitamin D.  Dairy products in the United States are supplemented with vitamin D. 
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  • Somali women at high lattitudes may be at even greater risk of vitamin D deficiency if they observe the tradition of covering their skin.
  • Tero Toivanen on 08 Apr 09
     
    Herndon et al report that children with Autism Spectrum Disorder consume significantly fewer servings of dairy products than children without ASD, although both children with ASD and those without were deficient in vitamin D. Dairy products in the United States are supplemented with vitamin D.
Tero Toivanen

New Study: Autism has Multiple Genetic Roots | Suite101 - 3 views

suite101.com/...multiple-genetic-roots-a246721

autism research study

shared by Tero Toivanen on 10 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • The study’s major finding was that children with ASD have significantly more CNVs affecting their genes than children without ASD. Children with ASD have 20 percent more CNVs in general, and 70 percent more CNVs impacting genes known to be associated with ASD or cognitive problems. Significantly, many of the genes that are affected control important functions such as cell proliferation and cell-to-cell communication.
  • Some of the newly discovered genetic variants are inherited, and are found in parents or siblings of children with them. Others, however, seem to have originated spontaneously in the affected child, and do not appear in other family members.
  • While these findings add significantly to the scientific understanding of the genetic and biological underpinnings of ASD, the immediate usefulness is limited. That’s because there are a very large number of CNVs, and each child shows a different pattern of genetic changes. Each of these changes is rare; no CNV showed up in more than one percent of the children studied.
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  • “This will lead to a paradigm shift in understanding the etiology of autism,” says Stephen Scherer, a senior scientist at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. “Until now, most scientists thought individuals with autism shared common genes. We now think each person has his own rare variations.”
  • If significant CNVs show up, behavioral treatment can be started early. That has been shown to improve children’s outcomes significantly. “If we provide stimulation early, while the brain is still plastic, we can improve cognitive development, social interaction and communication,” says Geri Dawson, Chief Science Officer of Autism Speaks, the major sponsor of the research project.
  • What this new research suggests is that autism and ASD probably result from the interaction between many different genes and a child’s environment. Rather than search for one single cause and one “magic bullet,” researchers will try to find as many significant genetic variants as possible, link them to the biological functions and pathways they control, and then search for medications that can improve or normalize the functioning of damaged pathways.
Patti Porto

Final List - 0 views

docs.google.com/viewer

apps asd autism ipad ipod

shared by Patti Porto on 20 Dec 12 - No Cached
  • Patti Porto on 20 Dec 12
     
    "When looking for apps for students on the autism spectrum (ASD), it is important to look at all educational apps and not just those that are tagged as autism apps. They have many of the same learning needs that other students have. This list was developed to provide apps based on common learning characteristics and traits that are typical for students with ASD. It is important to remember that all students learn differently and selecting apps should be based on the unique learning needs of the student. This list is only a sampling of apps available for each skill area. This is not, nor is it meant to be a definitive list. This list is intended to give you a starting place and a rationale for picking certain apps."
Tero Toivanen

Autism Research Blog: Translating Autism: Vision problems in autism: Reduced convergence? - 0 views

www.translatingautism.com/...roblems-in-autism-reduced.html

autism vision problems reduced convergence

shared by Tero Toivanen on 06 Mar 09 - No Cached
  • The authors found that 11% of the typically developing children and 31% of the ASD had a documented visual impairment (myopia, astigmatism, etc). This difference was statistically significant. That is, children with ASD were significantly more likely than typically developing children to have these conditions. Children with autism also displayed significantly poorer visual acuity (but within normal limits), and lower convergence. Convergence refers to the process by which the eyes move towards each other to maintain focus on approaching or close-range objects.
  • The findings of reduced visual acuity in children with autism when compared to typically developing children contradict previous studies that have shown enhanced visual acuity in autism. This brings us to a major limitation of this study that was correctly noted by the authors.
  • Limited convergence therefore would be associated with more limited depth perception. I find this intriguing because the neuropsychological profile of children with high functioning autism is often very similar to what is observed in kids with non-verbal learning disabilities (including relative weaknesses in motor-visual functioning). In addition, many parents with children with ASD report that their kids have trouble with sports and other physical activities. I thus wonder how much the reduced convergence observed in ASD may affect the motor-visual functioning in autism.
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  • Clinically, I was also intrigued by the high rates of vision problems found among the ASD group. Although, as I mentioned, this may be due to a self-selection of the parents who agreed to participate, this is consistent with data suggesting that children with developmental disorders are more likely to have visual problems than typically developing children
  • Tero Toivanen on 06 Mar 09
     
    Analysis of visual functioning in children with autism suggests impairment in visual convergence. A brief review of: Elizabeth Milne, Helen Griffiths, David Buckley, Alison Scope (2009). Vision in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Evidence for Reduced Convergence Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0705-8
Tero Toivanen

Researchers define uniform method to interpret autism spectrum disorders - 2 views

www.physorg.com/news181832834.html

autism ASD research neuroscience Autism Spectrum Disorder

shared by Tero Toivanen on 05 Jan 10 - Cached
  • This approach makes it easier to understand both commonalities and differences between ASD and other conditions, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This approach will make it possible to test predictions about the location of these brain networks, how they function differently in people with ASD and how to use this knowledge to design interventions and compensatory strategies.
  • A recent study of a U.S. metropolitan area estimates that 3.4 of every 1,000 children between 3 and 10 years-old have Autism.
  • Tero Toivanen on 05 Jan 10
     
    Dr. Dorit Ben Shalom recommends a uniform approach to evaluating and confronting the four common problems associated with ASD.
Tero Toivanen

Autism Research Blog: Translating Autism: Language and Autism: Do kids with autism make... - 0 views

www.translatingautism.com/...and-autism-grammaticality.html

autism

shared by Tero Toivanen on 12 Mar 09 - No Cached
  • The ASD performed worse than the typically developing group across the entire grammaticality judgment task. However, the authors noted that the groups did NOT differ when the sentences were short or medium length. That is, the apparent relative weaker performance among the ASD group was mostly during long sentences. In addition, these group differences were more pronounced when the error was located at the end of long sentences. This indicates that the group differences may be due to difficulty in working memory and attention among the autism group.
  • However, it is unlikely that these findings are only attributable to working memory problems. Specifically, the ASD groups showed impaired performance only to some type grammatical errors but not others. That is, the ASD group had difficulty identifying omissions and substitution errors, but did not show difficulty identifying order or insertion errors. This suggests that attention and working memory difficulties interact with some unique deficits in grammaticality judgment.
  • Tero Toivanen on 12 Mar 09
     
    Autism Research Blog: Translating Autism: Language and Autism: Do kids with autism make grammatical errors when sentences are long?
Tero Toivanen

NeuroLogica Blog » The Genetics of Autism - 0 views

www.theness.com/neurologicablog

autism genetics

shared by Tero Toivanen on 03 May 09 - Cached
  • What this means is that there is likely to be a complex set of many factors that contribute to ASD - not one single cause.
  • The same exact situation is true for other entities, like schizophrenia and attention deficit disorder (ADD).
  • One difference, however, is that schizophrenia and ADD likely represent changes to particular parts of the brain, while autism is likely due to changes in the global architecture of the brain.
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  • Getting back to the genetics of autism, current models are therefore consistent with what is being found when the genetics of autism is researched - researchers are finding many genes that predispose to autism in a subset of cases but no single or simple universal cause. At present, 133 different gene variants have been linked to autism.
  • This new research, conducted by Dr. Hakon Hakonarson of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, is a genome wide analysis involving about 10,000 individuals.
  • The results are especially significant because the variants lie between two genes, called CDH9 and CDH10, which are known to play an important role in forming nerve connections in the brain.
  • The gene variants that correlated with ASD are for proteins that are involved in the process of neurons forming connections with each other. There is already other lines of evidence that suggest what is different in ASD brains is a decrease in the amount of interconnectedness and communication among neurons. It is therefore likely no coincidence that this study found genetic correlations for proteins involved with neuronal connections.
  • This also is compatible with the finding that many separate genes are potentially involved with ASD - for there are many separate genes and processes involved with forming and maintaining neuronal connections.
  • Tero Toivanen on 03 May 09
     
    A new genome-wide analysis of families with autism has found significant gene associations, adding to the growing evidence for strong genetic contribution to autism.
Tero Toivanen

NDAR - National Database for Autism Research Home Page - 2 views

ndar.nih.gov/ndarpublicweb

autism research data-sharing Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD investigators

shared by Tero Toivanen on 11 Feb 10 - Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 11 Feb 10
     
    NDAR is a secure bioinformatics platform for scientific collaboration and data-sharing for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) investigators.
Tero Toivanen

Autism Therapy: pivotal response training | Healing Thresholds - 0 views

autism.healingthresholds.com/...pivotal-response-training

autism therapy Pivotal Response Training PRT ABA Applied Behavioral Analysis

shared by Tero Toivanen on 29 Dec 09 - Cached
  • Future research may allow therapists to know in advance which type of applied behavior analysis (ABA therapy) is most likely to work for any given child with autism.
  • This study of six children was designed to see if it is possible to predict which type of ABA therapy will work for which child with autism.
  • The authors were able to predict which children would respond to pivotal response training, but not which ones would respond to discrete trial training. The authors note that all children were first exposed to pivotal response training and then to discrete trial training and this may have influenced the results. Children who liked toys were more likely to respond to pivotal response training than children who did not like toys.
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  • This study looked at whether or not a type of applied behavior analysis (pivotal response training) could be used to teach play skills to children with autism.
  • . Both children in the study improved their social skills during recess time.
  • Tero Toivanen on 29 Dec 09
     
    Type of training in which certain behaviors are assumed to be crucial for other behaviors. These pivotal behaviors are then targeted so that the behaviors that depend upon them can change as well.
Tero Toivanen

A week ago, a new study published in the Archives of General - 0 views

www.theautismnewswire.com/NewsITems.aspx

study autism research gene mutation ASD sporadic spectrum disorders de novo spontaneous mutations intellectual disability epilepsy

shared by Tero Toivanen on 22 May 11 - No Cached
  • The Howard Hughes Medical Institute describes how researchers using "high-throughput gene sequencing technology" were able to identify several de novo or spontaneous gene mutations in 20 children with sporadic autism spectrum disorders -- that is, their family members showed no other sign of autism.
  • The team identified 21 spontaneous mutations -- meaning they weren't inherited from either parent -- in the children's DNA. Eleven of these were mutations that would alter the protein encoded by the affected gene. In four of the 20 children, the researchers found mutations that were severe, some of which have been previously linked to autism, intellectual disability, and epilepsy.
  • one child had a mutation in the GRIN2B gene, which is crucial for neuronal signaling.
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  • Another individual had an extra nucleotide in FOXP1, a gene that, along with its close relatives, has been heavily implicated in language defects.
  • These new findings support the 'multi-hit' model of autism, which suggests that having more than one mutation can cause or worsen symptoms of autism and other brain disorders. The different combinations of mutations may contribute to the heterogeneity in ASDs.
  • That such different combinations of genetic mutations contribute to a child being autistic could account for why individuals with an ASD diagnosis have some very similar, and very different, features.
  • Tero Toivanen on 22 May 11
     
    "The Howard Hughes Medical Institute describes how researchers using "high-throughput gene sequencing technology" were able to identify several de novo or spontaneous gene mutations in 20 children with sporadic autism spectrum disorders -- that is, their family members showed no other sign of autism."
Tero Toivanen

Yale Study Suggests Children with Autism Watch for the Wrong Visual Clues - 0 views

autism.about.com/...for-the-wrong-visual-clues.htm

autism Visual Clues

shared by Tero Toivanen on 02 Apr 09 - Cached
  • Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to stare at people's mouths rather than their eyes. Now, an NIH-funded study in 2-year-olds with the social deficit disorder suggests why they might find mouths so attractive: lip-sync—the exact match of lip motion and speech sound.
  • Such audiovisual synchrony preoccupied toddlers who have autism, while their unaffected peers focused on socially meaningful movements of the human body, such as gestures and facial expressions.
  • "Typically developing children pay special attention to human movement from very early in life, within days of being born. But in children with autism, even as old as two years, we saw no evidence of this," explained Ami Klin, Ph.D., of the Yale Child Study Center, who led the research. "Toddlers with autism are missing rich social information imparted by these cues, and this is likely to adversely affect the course of their development."
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  • In theory, this finding could lead to educational techniques that could help very young children with autism build their social referencing skills. This could be hugely important for children with autism, since their challenges with "reading" social cues create so many problems as they enter school, interact with peers, and begin to navigate social relationships.
  • Tero Toivanen on 02 Apr 09
     
    Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) tend to stare at people's mouths rather than their eyes. Now, an NIH-funded study in 2-year-olds with the social deficit disorder suggests why they might find mouths so attractive: lip-sync-the exact match of lip motion and speech sound.
Patti Porto

National Autism Center - 0 views

www.nationalautismcenter.org

asd autism research

shared by Patti Porto on 17 Apr 15 - Cached
  • Patti Porto on 17 Apr 15
     
    The National Autism Center is May Institute's Center for the Promotion of Evidence-based Practice. It is a nonprofit organization dedicated to disseminating evidence-based information about the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), promoting best practices, and offering comprehensive and reliable resources for families, practitioners, and communities.
Tero Toivanen

Autism-like behaviors reversed in mice: New hope for understanding autism - 3 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...121121145402.htm

autism research

shared by Tero Toivanen on 22 Nov 12 - No Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 22 Nov 12
     
    "Researchers from McGill University and the University of Montreal have identified a crucial link between protein synthesis and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which can bolster new therapeutic avenues."
Patti Porto

National Professional Development Center on ASD - 0 views

autismpdc.fpg.unc.edu

asd autism

shared by Patti Porto on 18 Oct 12 - Cached
  • Patti Porto on 18 Oct 12
     
    "The National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders is a multi-university center to promote the use of evidence-based practice for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders."
Tero Toivanen

Oxytocin improves brain function in children with autism - 1 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...120519213236.htm

brain function children autism oxytocin research

shared by Tero Toivanen on 20 May 12 - No Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 20 May 12
     
    "Preliminary results from an ongoing, large-scale study by Yale School of Medicine researchers shows that oxytocin -- a naturally occurring substance produced in the brain and throughout the body -- increased brain function in regions that are known to process social information in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)."
Tero Toivanen

Special Education/ ASD - LiveBinder - 4 views

www.livebinders.com/...346012

special education livebinder education asd autism special needs Emotion Resources Autism Games Teaching Resources

shared by Tero Toivanen on 30 Apr 12 - No Cached
  • Tero Toivanen on 30 Apr 12
     
    via Skip Zalneraitis
Tero Toivanen

A Radical New Autism Theory - Page 1 - The Daily Beast - 0 views

www.thedailybeast.com/...a-radical-new-autism-theory

autism research Asperger Syndrome

shared by Tero Toivanen on 13 May 09 - Cached
  • . As posited by Henry and Kamila Markram of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, suggests that the fundamental problem in autism-spectrum disorders is not a social deficiency, but rather an hypersensitivity to experience, which includes an overwhelming fear response.
  • “There are those who say autistic people don’t feel enough,” says Kamila Markram. “We’re saying exactly the opposite: They feel too much.” Virtually all people with ASD report various types of oversensitivity and intense fear
  • “I think most people with ASD feel emotional empathy and care about the welfare of others very deeply.”
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  • A groundbreaking study suggests people with autism-spectrum disorders such as Asperger’s do not lack empathy—rather they feel others’ emotions too intensely to cope.
  • Tero Toivanen on 13 May 09
     
    A groundbreaking study suggests people with autism-spectrum disorders such as Asperger's do not lack empathy-rather they feel others' emotions too intensely to cope.
Tero Toivanen

Pivotal Response Intervention: Introduction - 0 views

www.autismnetwork.org/...index.html

pivotal Pivotal Response Intervention PRI PRT intervention

shared by Tero Toivanen on 27 Mar 09 - Cached
  • Current research into strategies for children with ASD indicates that the most efficient and effective interventions for these children include the following characteristics: (a) attention to student motivation, (b) teaching the student to respond to a variety of cues, (c) self-instruction procedures, and (d) teaching the student to learn through initiating to others (Koegel et al., 2001). These are known as pivotal areas of instruction for individuals with ASD and make up an approach called Pivotal Response Intervention (PRI).
  • Tero Toivanen on 27 Mar 09
     
    Pivotal Response Intervention: Introduction
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