WHO | Female genital mutilation - 6 views
-
-
Jennifer Rojas on 24 Jan 12This is about female genital mutilation about the risks,and culture beliefs about fgm and about uman rights
-
-
severe bleeding
-
no health benefits for girls and women.
- ...30 more annotations...
-
Female genital mutilation (FGM) includes procedures that intentionally alter or injure female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
-
100 to 140 million girls
-
problems urinating
-
complications
-
newborn deaths
-
currently living
-
later, potential childbirth
-
stima
-
with the consequences of FGM.
-
age 15
-
young girls
-
infancy
-
estimated 92 million girls
-
Female genital mutilation
-
FGM is internationally recognized as a violation of the human rights of girls and women.
-
10 years of age and above have undergone FGM.
-
involve partial
-
total removal of the external female genitalia
-
injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons.
-
practice is mostly carried out by traditional circumcisers
-
FGM is being performed by health care providers
-
FGM is recognized internationally as a violation of the human rights of girls and women.
-
inequality between the sexes,
-
discrimination against women.
-
procedure results in death
-
Procedures Female genital mutilation is classified into four major types. Clitoridectomy: partial or total removal of the clitoris (a small, sensitive and erectile part of the female genitals) and, in very rare cases, only the prepuce (the fold of skin surrounding the clitoris). Excision: partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (the labia are "the lips" that surround the vagina). Infibulation: narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal. The seal is formed by cutting and repositioning the inner, or outer, labia, with or without removal of the clitoris. Other: all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterizing the genital area.
-
Immediate complications can include severe pain, shock, haemorrhage (bleeding), tetanus or sepsis
-
(bacterial infection)
-
urine retention, open sores in the genital region and injury to nearby genital tissue
-
Long-term consequences can include: recurrent bladder and urinary tract infections; cysts; infertility; an increased risk of childbirth complications and newborn deaths; the need for later surgeries. For example, the FGM procedure that seals or narrows a vaginal opening (type 3 above) needs to be cut open later to allow for sexual intercourse and childbirth. Sometimes it is stitched again several times, including after childbirth, hence the woman goes through repeated opening and closing procedures, further increasing and repeated both immediate and long-term risks.
