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Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent 2009 literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team “as small temporary groups of geographically,

[edit] Virtual teamsDevelopments in communications technologies have seen the emergence of the virtual work team. A virtual team is a group of people who work interdependently and with shared purpose across space, time, and organisation boundaries using technology to communicate and collaborate. Virtual team members can be located across a country or across the world, rarely meet face-to-face, and include members from different cultures.[4] Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent (2009) literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team “as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/ or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks”.[5] Many virtual teams are cross-functional and emphasis solving customer problems or generating new work processes. The United States Labour Department reported that in 2001, 19 million people worked from home online or from another location, and that by the end of 2002, over 100 million people world-wide would be working outside traditional offices.[6]

le Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent (2009) literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team “as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/ or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks”.

Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent (2009) literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team “as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/ or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks”[2]

Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent (2009) literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team “as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/ or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks”[2]

Ale Ebrahim

Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S., & Taha, Z. (2009). Virtual R & D teams in small and medium enterprises: A literature review

Ale Ebrahim, N., Ahmed, S. & Taha, Z. in their recent (2009) literature review paper, added two key issues to definition of a virtual team “as small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/ or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks”[2]

Special Issue Section : The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEs

( Nader Ale Ebrahim ) , ( Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid ) , ( Shamsuddin Ahmed ) , ( Zahari Taha )

( Nader Ale Ebrahim ) , ( Salwa Hanim Abdul Rashid ) , ( Shamsuddin Ahmed ) , ( Zahari Taha )

Full Length Research Paper Virtual R&D teams and SMEs growth: A comparative study between Iranian and Malaysian SMEs – Ale Ebrahim, Nader Ahmed, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha - 2010 SMEs; Virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: A literature review – Smes Virtual Research, D Teams, Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha - 2010 2 SMEs and Virtual R&D Teams: A Motive Channel for Relationship between SMEs – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha - 2008 Virtual R&D Teams for NPD in SMEs: Past, Present and Future Trend – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsudin Ahmed, Zahari Taha Envisages of New Product Developments in Small and Medium Enterprises through Virtual Team – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha - 2010 The Effectiveness of Virtual R&D Teams in SMEs: Experiences of Malaysian SMEs – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim, Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha - 2010 1 Critical factors for new product developments in SMEs virtual team – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha - 2010 Virtual Teams: A New Opportunity to Develop a Business – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim, Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha R&D Networking and value Creation in SMEs – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha 2011 2nd International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Technologies (MIMT 2011) Virtual Collaborative R&D Teams in Malaysia Manufacturing SMEs – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Hanim Abdul Rashid, M. A. Wazed 1 Dealing with Virtual R&D Teams in New Product Development – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha Virtual Environments Innovation and R&D Activities: Management Challenges – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha Virtual R&D Teams: A potential growth of education-industry collaboration – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Salwa Hanim, Abdul Rashid, Zahari Taha New Product Development in Virtual Environment – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha - 2008 Benefits and Pitfalls of Virtual R&D Teams: An Empirical Study – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha - 2010 Virtual Teams for NPD – an Innovative Experience for R&D Engineers – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha 2 Innovation and R&D Activities in Virtual Team – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha Concurrent Collaboration in Research and Development – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Shamsuddin Ahmed, Zahari Taha Virtual R&D team: Technology Transfer Facilitator – Nader Ale Ebrahim, Mohammad Ali Shafia, Hamid Tahbaz Tavakoli - 2009

Virtual R&D Teams in Small and Medium Enterprises: A Literature Review Scientific Research and Essays, Vol. 4, No. 13, pp. 1575–1590, December 2009, Nader Ale Ebrahim , Shamsuddin Ahmed and Zahari Taha University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya (UM) and University of Malaya (UM) Date Posted: January 05, 2010 Last Revised: February 02, 2010 Accepted Paper Series 282 downloads

Virtual Teams and Management Challenges 1st Executive MBA Conference, Tehran, Iran, May 18-19, 2009 Nader Ale Ebrahim , Shamsuddin Ahmed and Zahari Taha University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya (UM) and University of Malaya (UM) Date Posted: January 13, 2011 Accepted Paper Series 43 downloads

Consideration of the Virtual Team Work and Disabled Citizens, as Promising Opportunity Providers for the E-Government Infrastructure's Formation Second Conference on Electronic City, 2009 Mohammad Ali Shafia , Nader Ale Ebrahim , Shamsuddin Ahmed and Zahari Taha University of Science and Technology - Faculty of Industrial Engineering , University of Malaya - Department of Engineering Design and Manufacture, Faculty of Engineering , University of Malaya (UM) and University of Malaya (UM) Date Posted: January 13, 2011 Accepted Paper Series 18 downloads

A virtual team (also known as a geographically dispersed team or GDT) is a group of individuals who work across time, space and organizational boundaries with links strengthened by webs of communication technology. Powell, Piccoli and Ives define virtual teams in their literature review article "as groups of geographically, organizationally and/or time dispersed workers brought together by information and telecommunication technologies to accomplish one or more organizational tasks"[1]. Ale Ebrahim, Ahmed, & Taha, in their recent literature review article (2009), added two new key issue in the virtual teams definition “a virtual team: small temporary groups of geographically, organizationally and/or time dispersed knowledge workers who coordinate their work, predominantly with electronic information and communication technologies in order to accomplish one or more organization tasks” [2]. Members of virtual teams communicate electronically and may never meet face-to-face. Virtual teams are made possible by a proliferation of fiber optic technology that has significantly increased the scope of off-site communication.[3] Virtual teams allow companies to procure the best talent without geographical restrictions.[3] According to Hambley, O’Neil, & Kline (2007), "virtual teams require new ways of working across boundaries through systems, processes, technology, and people,[4] which requires effective leadership...despite the widespread increase in virtual teamwork, there has been relatively little focus on the role of virtual team leaders."

1. Ale Ebrahim, N.; Abdul Rashid, S.H.; Ahmed, S.; Taha, Z. (2011) The effectiveness of virtual R&D teams in SMEs: experiences of Malaysian SMEs. Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 10 (2). pp. 109-114. ISSN 1598-7248 Preview2. Ale Ebrahim, N.; Ahmed, S.; Taha, Z. (2010) Critical factors for new product developments in SMEs virtual team. African Journal of Business Management, 4 (11). pp. 2247-2257. ISSN 1993-8233 Preview3. Ale Ebrahim, N.; Ahmed, S.; Taha, Z. (2010) Virtual R&D teams and SMEs growth: A comparative study between Iranian and Malaysian SMEs. African Journal of Business Management, 4 (11). pp. 2368-2379. ISSN 1993-8233 Preview4. Ale Ebrahim, N.; Ahmed, S.; Taha , Z. (2010) SMEs, virtual research and development (R&D) teams and new product development: a literature review. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 5 (7). pp. 916-930. ISSN 1992-1950 Preview5. Ale Ebrahim, N.; Ahmed, S.; Taha , Z. (2009) Modified stage-gate: a conceptual model of virtual product development process. African Journal of Marketing Management, 1 (9). pp. 211-219. ISS

Raval, R. R.; Ale Ebrahim, N.; Ahmed, S.; Taha , Z. (2010) Work together… when apart challenges and what is need for effective virtual teams. Journal of Information, Knowledge and Research in Business Management and Administration, 1 (1). pp. 1-3. ISSN 0975 – 671X

Ale Ebrahim, N.; Abdul Rashid, S.H.; Ahmed, S.; Taha, Z. (2011) The effectiveness of virtual R&D teams in SMEs: experiences of Malaysian SMEs. Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, 10 (2). pp. 109-114. ISSN 1598-7248

Ale Ebrahim, N.; Ahmed, S.; Taha, Z. (2010) Critical factors for new product developments in SMEs virtual team. African Journal of Business Management, 4 (11). pp. 2247-2257. ISSN 1993-8233 Ale Ebrahim, N.; Ahmed, S.; Taha, Z. (2010) Virtual R&D teams and SMEs growth: A comparative study between Iranian and Malaysian SMEs. African Journal of Business Management, 4 (11). pp. 2368-2379. ISSN 1993-8233