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Aries, Elizabeth, et al. "A Comparison of Athletes and Non-Athletes at Highly Selective Colleges: Academic Performance and Personal Development." Research in Higher Education 45.6 (2004), 577-602. Ohio Link. Web. 18 Nov. 2010. This was a study that compared athletes and non-athletes at highly selective colleges. First, it compares conclusions people have come to about student-athletes. On one hand, some believe that athletics help to develop the person in a wide variety of ways. On the other hand, some believe it takes up too much time and takes away from their academics. This study basically shows that it varies from person to person, depending on the particular school they attend.

Aries, Elizabeth, et al. "A Comparison of Athletes and Non-Athletes at Highly Selective Colleges: Academic Performance and Personal Development." Research in Higher Education 45.6 (2004), 577-602. This study focused on student athletes for four years at selective liberal arts and Ivy League schools. It said students spending ten or more hours had less academic credentials than non-athletes, but were not lower than expected for an athlete. It talks about engagement in the community, sociability, extroversion, drinking, and academic performance of both athletes and non-athletes.

Fidler, Deborah J., Karen Caplovitz Barrett, and David E. Most. "Age-Related Differences in Smiling and Personality in Down Syndrome." Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities 17.3 (2005), 263 - 280. This article discusses differences of patients of different ages with Down syndrom. Ages in the study ranged from 5-20 years. This was an observational study done to draw inferences about smiling and personality traits. Their results were conclusive. Smile deration decreased with age and anxiousness increased with age.