But instructional design doesn’t help much in some types of learning situations.

But do instructional-design models shed much light on how to design information? Not very much.

Design of user-generated content. Wikis, podcasting, blogging, immersive environments, and social networking tools are now widely available to help people be content-creators and content-sharers. Do instructional-design models show us how to use these tools for learning? Once again, I don’t think so.