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Mallory B

Child labor in Factories During the Industrial Revolution - 0 views

www2.needham.k12.ma.us/...childlabor.html

child labor labor reform

shared by Mallory B on 26 Feb 13 - Cached
Jon A liked it
  • Children sometimes worked up to 19 hours a day, with a one-hour total break
  • Many accidents occurred injuring or killing children on the job.
  • Children were paid only a fraction of what an adult would get, and sometimes factory owners would get away with paying them nothing.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • The factory owners justified their absence of payroll by saying that they gave the orphans food, shelter, and clothing, all of which were far below par
  • The people who the children served would beat them, verbally abuse them, and take no consideration for their safety
  • were subject to beatings and other harsh forms of pain infliction
  • he children were to attend school for no less than two hours during the day.
  • Boys were sometimes dragged naked from their beds and sent to the factories only holding their clothes
  • Factory owners loved child labor, and they supported their reasoning with ideas that it was good for everything from the economy to the building of the children's characters
  • The first step to improving conditions was in 1833 with the Factory Act passed by Parliament
  • overseer would tie a heavy weight to worker's neck, and have them walk up and down the factory aisles so the other children could see them and "take example." This could last up to an hour.
  • said the government would appoint officials to make sure the act was carried out and complied with
  • In rural areas, children would have worked long hours with hard work for their families farms, but in the cities, the children worked longer hours with harder work for large companies. Harsher treatment, fewer rewards and more sickness and injury came from poorly regulated child labor.
  • Corey R on 26 Feb 13
     
    child labor
  • Mallory B on 27 Feb 13
     
    Very good source of information on Child Labor.
Jonathan G

The Rise of Women's Movements - 0 views

www.worldbook.com/...4-the-rise-of-womens-movements

women's rights movements

shared by Jonathan G on 26 Feb 13 - No Cached
  •   The National Woman Suffrage Association   In 1869, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton formed the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and worked for a woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution. The chief goal of the NWSA was an amendment to the Constitution giving women the vote. The NWSA also demanded equal education and equal employment opportunities for women. Anthony served as president of the group from 1892 until 1900. Carrie Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900 to 1904, and from 1915 to 1920, when Amendment 19 to the United States Constitution was passed, giving women the right to vote.
  • Jonathan G on 26 Feb 13
     
    Oh cool i found something i knew a little befor. It talks about Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton and them forming The National Woman Suffrage Association.
Allison T

ReformProject - prison_reform_19th_century - 1 views

reformproject.wikispaces.com/prison_reform_19th_century

shared by Allison T on 26 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • she began to help inmates who were mentally ill in the United States.
  • nt has been a method of keeping peace and keeping society civil since the dawn of
  • the Middle Ages
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • Enforcement has been a method of keeping peace and keeping society civil since the dawn of civilization.
  • Because she thought that the mentally ill were so mistreated, she took matters to the courts and won
  • Dorothea Dix
  • In addition, she helped to found thirty-two mental hospitals, a school for the blind, and many nursing training facilities
  • She was strict in her criteria for women that she would train, and she was very impatient. For this, she lost the support of the United States Sanitary Commission and other groups that had helped her begin her training.
  • Because there were so many prisoners, it was chaotic, and guards had to use torture to keep them in line
  • Eliza Farnham
  • a well-known philanthropist, feminist, phrenologist, and author
  • Farnham removed the silence rule, added an educational program, and advocated such luxuries as decorations, recreational activities, and leisure activities.
  • prison reformist.
  • Sing Sing Prison
  • Sing Sing Prison
  • 1844.
  • Allison T on 26 Feb 13
     
    One of the best methods to keep peace in society is to take the offenders and remove them from society.
Abeni T

Education in Early America: Birth of Public Schools and Universities - 0 views

education-portal.com/...-schools-and-universities.html

education reform

shared by Abeni T on 26 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • There used to be a popular bumper sticker out there that said 'If you can read this, thank a teacher.' Ironically, thanks to modern educational developments, you probably aren't reading this lesson at all - you're just watching it. But you are trying to get a college education, which means you are still a product of the same educational movement born 200 years ago. Public schools, as we know them today, were few and far between in the early American republic. The Puritans believed literacy was a religious duty (so that everyone could read the Bible), and most children learned basic math and reading at home. Concerned about children whose parents weren't 'good' church members, a 1642 Massachusetts law required that towns of 50 or more people have a public school in which men taught basic literacy to boys, including Bible instruction. The most education girls typically received was at a Dame School, in which an older lady from the community taught very young children the fundamentals of reading as well as the female graces, usually from her own home - and these were not free. In the 1700s, elite, private, grammar schools opened in New England to prepare boys to enter the Ivy League colleges, many of which are among America's most prestigious college prep schools today. Throughout the Middle Colonies, individual communities sometimes opened schools to instruct boys in their language, religion and traditions. And Southern plantation owners might hire a teacher to educate their children at home. Wealthy families from every region sometimes sent their sons back to England for school. During the Revolution, many Americans (like Thomas Jefferson) believed strongly that education was a necessary component of democracy, but despite their ar
  • Abeni T on 26 Feb 13
     
    87t87t
Tom L

Education Reform in Slavery - 0 views

www.gilderlehrman.org/...tion-reform-antebellum-america

education reform education slavery

shared by Tom L on 27 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Education for black slaves was forbidden, especially after Nat Turner’s slave insurrection in 1831. The abolitionist movement provided educational opportunities for African Americans. Quakers were in the forefront of this movement, establishing racially integrated schools in cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Boston.
  • Tom L on 27 Feb 13
     
    Education on African-American
Jonathan G

women rights - 2 views

dwardmac.pitzer.edu/...suffrage.html

women's rights suffrage

shared by Jonathan G on 26 Feb 13 - Cached
  • Religion, especially the Christian religion, has condemned woman to the life of an inferior, a slave. It has thwarted her nature and fettered her soul, yet the Christian religion has no greater supporter, none more devout, than woman. Indeed, it is safe to say that religion would have long ceased to be a factor in the lives of the people, if it were not for the support it receives from woman. The most ardent churchworkers, the most tireless missionaries the world over, are women, always sacrificing on the altar of the gods that have chained her spirit and enslaved her body.
  • Michael J on 27 Feb 13
     
    i cant find anything
  • Michael J on 27 Feb 13
     
    too long
Shardei S

Child labor | Article | World Book Student - 0 views

www.worldbookonline.com/...article

child labor labor reform child labor

shared by Shardei S on 26 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Children worked for lower wages than
  • adults
  • Children worked for low pay in dirty, poorly lighted factories, mills, and mines.
  • ...10 more annotations...
  • The law prohibited the employment of pauper children (children dependent on charity) under 9 years of age in cotton mills.
  • In 1802, the British Parliament
  • under 14
  • 1819, the law was extended to include all children. No real provision for enforcing these laws was made until 1833. Ger
  • could not work at night, and their workday was limited to 12 hours
  • 1836, Massachusetts p
  • assed the first state child labor law in the United States
  • law prohibited the employment of children under 15 in any factory unless the children had attended school for at least three months during the preceding year.
  • 1860, only a few states had outlawed factory employment of children under 10 or 12 years of age.
  • Enforcement of these laws proved difficult because of the large number of poor families and government reluctance to offend employers. By 1890, nearly 20 percent of U.S. children were employed full-time.
  • Shardei S on 26 Feb 13
     
    Good Article On Laws Of Child Labor
Michael J

Child Labor in the United States | Economic History Services - 1 views

eh.net/...whaples.childlabor

child labor

shared by Michael J on 26 Feb 13 - Cached
Chris H liked it
  • 1880 1900 1930 Labor force participation rates of children, 10 to 15 years old (percentages) Males 32.5 26.1 6.4 Females 12.2 6.4 2.9 Percentage of 10 to 15 year olds in agricultural employment Males 69.9 67.6 74.5 Females 37.3 74.5 61.5
    • Jon A
      Jon A on 26 Feb 13
       
      PERCENT OF CHILD LABOR
  • In the colonial period and into the 1800s parents and guardians generally required children to work. Initially most of the population worked in agriculture and children gradually moved into tasks demanding greater strength and skills as they aged. Craig (1993) uses census data to gauge the impact and value of child labor in the middle of the 1800s. He finds that the activities of farm-owning families were not closely linked to the number and ages of their children. Within each region, families in different life-cycle stages earned revenues in almost exactly the same manner.
Corey R

Child Labor in U.S. History - The Child Labor Education Project - 1 views

www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/...us_history.html

labor reform

shared by Corey R on 27 Feb 13 - Cached
  • indenture
  • Child Labor Reform and the U.S. Labor Movement
  • ne as the labor and reform movements grew and labor standards in general began improving, increasing the political power of working people and other social reformers to demand legislation regulating child labor. Union organizing and child labor reform were often intertwined, and common initiatives were conducted by organizations led by working women and middle class consumers, such as state Consumers’ Leagues and Working Women’s Societies. These organizations generated the National Consumers’ League in 1899 and the National Child Labor Committee in 1904, which shared goals of challenging child labor, including through anti-sweatshop campaigns and labeling programs. The National Child Labor Committee’s work to end child labor was combined with efforts to provide free, compulsory education for all children, and culminated in the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938, which set federal standards for child labor.
  • Corey R on 27 Feb 13
     
    child labor
Nikita P

Children In The 1800s :: History Children Descriptive - 2 views

www.123helpme.com/children-in-the-s-view.asp

education reform

shared by Nikita P on 28 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Gender, social status, and the region in which a child lived determined how much schooling a child would receive and where and how they would get it. Children of the upper class were either taught in private schools or by a tutor. They were taught reading, writing, prayers, and simple math ("Education") . They were taught using repetition from the Bible, a religion-based reading supplement called a primer, and/or a paddle-shaped (also religious) horn book ("Schooling"). The upper-class boys were taught more advanced academic subjects, and may have been sent to boarding school in England or another state. The girls were taught to assume the duties of a wife and mother and obtained basic knowledge so they could read the Bible and record expenses ("Education").
Nikita P

The Beecher Tradition : Catherine Beecher - 1 views

www.baruch.cuny.edu/...catherine.htm

education reform

shared by Nikita P on 27 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • and it remained an important institution for the education of women for more than sixty years.
  • Catherine Beecher believed that there was a need for a school for girls that would challenge their intellectual abilities. Hartford, Connecticut did not have such a school and Catherine was determined to start one. She opened the Hartford Female Seminary in May 1823
  • believed that women should devote themselves to the moral development and education of their children and to their home, and she felt that to accomplish this, women needed to be well educated.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • spent much of her life writing about and promoting the education of women.
  • The Moral Instructor for Schools and Families: Containing Lessons on the Duties of Life (1838) and A Treatise on Domestic Economy for the Use of Young Ladies at Home and at School (1841)
    • Nikita P
      Nikita P on 27 Feb 13
       
      Primary Source Document
  • Nikita P on 27 Feb 13
     
    Catherine Beecher
Abeni T

The 1830s and 40s: Horace Mann, the End of Free-Market Education, and the Rise of Gover... - 0 views

www.mackinac.org/2035

mann education reform

shared by Abeni T on 27 Feb 13 - Cached
  • Michigan was the first state, upon its entrance into the Union in 1835, to constitutionally prohibit the use of public funds "for the benefit of religious societies or theological seminaries." Horace Mann was born to a family of farmers in Franklin, Mass
  • Abeni T on 27 Feb 13
     
    some good info about horace mann
Allison T

Lamenting the Greater Fall: 19th Century Prison Reform and The Women's Prison Associati... - 0 views

www.nypl.org/...ens-prison-association-records

shared by Allison T on 27 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • The WPA began as the "Female Department" of the PANY in 1845
  • attended to the specific needs of incarcerated women
  • Female convicts seated outside Sing Sing prison
Nikita P

Henry Barnard Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Henry Barnard - 1 views

www.encyclopedia.com/...Henry_Barnard.aspx

education reform

shared by Nikita P on 27 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • no nineteenth-century figure had such a profound and lasting impact on American education as Henry Barnard. Born in Hartford, Connecticut, on 24 January 1811, Barnard graduated from Yale College in 1835 and spent two years touring Europe, surveying the latest developments in education
  • acquired a reputation as one of the foremost educators in the nation
  • Wisconsin
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • organized teachers’ institutes in twenty counties throughout the state.
  • Forsaking a promising career in law, Barnard committed himself, over the next forty years, to maintaining the common-schools ideal in American national life. Barnard brought energy, commitment, and creativity to his role in establishing public education systems in Connecticut and Rhode Island before midcentury, providing educators outside the Northeast with models that would be widely emulated.
  • Nikita P on 27 Feb 13
     
    Henry Barnard
Nikita P

Internet History Sourcebooks - 2 views

www.fordham.edu/...robinson-lowell.asp

education reform

shared by Nikita P on 27 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • most prevailing incentive to labor was to secure the means of education for some male member of the family. To make a gentleman of a brother or a son, to give him a college education, was the dominant thought in the minds of a great many of the better class of mill­girls.
  • get the
  • Nikita P on 27 Feb 13
     
    Lowell Kids Education
Maya H

Newgate Prison | Article | World Book Student - 1 views

worldbookonline.com/...article

prison prison reform

shared by Maya H on 26 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • moved
  • 13, Elizabeth Fry, a British social reformer, began working to improve the conditions of the prison and the treatment of the inmates, especially the women and their children. Until Fry's policies were established, women, children, debtors, and convicted criminals were held together in open cells. In 1858, the interior was rebuilt with single cells.See also Fry, Elizabeth Gurney; Old Bailey.
Chris H

Robert Owen, 1771-1858 - 0 views

www.historyguide.org/...owen.html

labor reform

shared by Chris H on 27 Feb 13 - Cached
  • Robert Owen
  • His father was a sadler and ironmonger
  • At the age of ten he was sent to seek his fortune in London with his eldest brother, William.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Owen found a position in a large drapery business in Stamford (Lincolnshire)
  • Owen attended the local school
  • strong passion for reading
  • Owen's partners did not share his enthusiasm for education and welfare:
  • Breaking with these labor movements in 1834, Owen turned back to his plan for a community and founded a journal, The New Moral World
  • Association of All Classes of All Nations
Allison T

Reform Movements in 19th Century America - 1 views

faculty.polytechnic.org/...lec.reform.html

shared by Allison T on 27 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Prison reform--rehabilitation of criminals attempted to counter the tendency of prisons to create more hardened criminals. Work seen as way to reform criminals.
  • Abolishing of public hangings in many states
  • Reduction in crimes punishable by death
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Abandoning flogging and other cruel punishments
  • Dorothea Dix investigated and reported treatment of insane and led to creation of humane institutions
  • Feldmeth, Greg D. "U.S. History Resources" http://home.earthlink.net/~gfeldmeth/USHistory.html (31 March 1998).
  • Allison T on 27 Feb 13
     
    movements of the 19th century
Allison T

Prison History - Architects/Designers/Planners for Social Responsibility - 1 views

www.adpsr.org/prison_history

shared by Allison T on 27 Feb 13 - No Cached
  • Children were separated out from adult prisoners for the first time, although so little accountability was built into early juvenile-justice systems that conditions rapidly became far worse than those for adults
  • despite the curricula and activities of the reformatory movement, prison conditions deteriorated to a struggle for control in inhumane and hostile conditions.
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