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Trey Mcintyre

Air conditioning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • Air conditioning (often referred to as aircon, AC or A/C) is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more favourable conditions. More generally, air conditioning can refer to any form of technological cooling, heating, ventilation, or disinfection that modifies the condition of air.[1]
  • An air conditioner is a major or home appliance, system, or mechanism designed to change the air temperature and humidity within an area (used for cooling and sometimes heating depending on the air properties at a given time). The cooling is typically done using a simple refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation is used, commonly for comfort cooling in buildings and motor vehicles. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation and air conditioning is referred to as "HVAC".
  • Air conditioning can also be provided by a simple process called free cooling which uses pumps to circulate a coolant
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  • ng. Common storage media are deep aquifers or a natural underground rock mass accessed via a cluster of small-diameter, heat exchanger equipped boreholes.
  • he heat pump is added-in because the temperature of the storage gradually increase during the cooling season, thereby declining in effectiveness. Free cooling and hybrid systems are mature
  • The basic concept behind air conditioning is said to have been applied in ancient Egypt, where reeds were hung in windows and were moistened with trickling water. The evaporation of water cooled the air blowing through the window, though this process also made the air more humid (also beneficial in a dry desert climate). In Ancient Rome, water from aqueducts was circulated through the walls of certain houses to cool them. Other techniques in medieval Persia involved the use of cisterns and wind towers to cool buildings during the hot season. Modern air conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry during the 19th century, and the first large-scale electrical air conditioning was invented and used in 1902 by Willis Haviland Carrier. The introduction of residential air conditioning in the 1920s helped enable the great migration to the Sun Belt in the US.
Chad Amico

Post-it note - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver, a scientist at 3M in the United States, was attempting to develop a super-strong adhesive, but instead he accidentally created a "low-tack", reusable, pressure-sensitive adhesive[1][2] that has been characterized as "a solution without a problem"
  • Fry then developed the idea by taking advantage of 3M's officially sanctioned "permitted bootlegging" policy.[5] 3M launched the product in stores in 1977 in four cities under the name "Press 'n Peel", but its results were disappointing.[6][7] A year later, in 1978, 3M issued free samples to residents of Boise, Idaho, and 94 percent of the people who tried them said that they would buy the product.[6] On April 6, 1980, the product debuted in US stores as "Post-It Notes".[8] In 1981, Post-its were launched in Canada and Europe.[9]
  • In 2003, the company came out with Post-it Brand Super Sticky notes, with a stronger glue that adheres better to vertical and non-smooth surfaces.[10] Standard Post-it Brand notes have only partial adhesive coating on the back, along one edge.
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  • The Yellow Stickee Diary of a Mad Secretary", by Rosa Maria Arenas, is the mini graphic journal of an office worker/artist, exhibited July 7 - August 25, 2013, at the Michigan Institute of Contemporary Art (MICA) Gallery in Lansing, Michigan. The 41 drawings displayed are a tiny percentage of the more than 2000 original drawings that constitute the Yellow Stickee Diary Project which Arenas created while working temp jobs from 1994 to 2005. Printed with archival inks on archival paper, the reproductions include "stickee sized" (3" x 5") framed prints and enlargements of the original drawings (which were all done on post-it notes).
  • Rebecca Murtaugh, a California artist who uses Post-it notes in her artwork, in 2001 created an installation by covering her whole bedroom with $1000 worth of the notes, using the ordinary yellow for objects she saw as having less value and neon colors for more important objects, such as the bed.[10]
  • One such work, by the artist R. B. Kitaj, sold for £640 in an auction, making it the most valuable Post-it note on record.[14]
  • Analogues of Post-it notes have also been used in technology in the form of desktop notes which are computer applications developed to allow users to put virtual notes on their computer desktop. These computerized versions of Post-it notes include 3M's own "Post-it Brand Software Notes", "Stickies" in Mac OS, "Sticky Notes" in Windows,[15] or other non-free applications like ShixxNOTE.[16] Additionally, some web applications have developed Post-it sort notes for online use.
Katie Gatliff

Category:Milton Bradley games - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 1 views

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    This is a list of games Milton has created. It has some that were created by other people but handled by his company (some are after he was dead0
Heather Purpera

James Russell (inventor) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • James T. Russell (born 1931 in Bremerton, Washington) is an American inventor. He earned a BA in physics from Reed College in Portland in 1953. He joined General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, Washington, where he initiated many types of experimental instrumentation. He designed and built the first electron beam welder.[1]
  • Russell's optical digital inventions were available publicly from 1970. Early optical recording technology, which forms the physical basis of videodisc, CD and DVD technology, was first published/filed by Gregg in 1958 and Philips researchers, Kramer and Compaan, in 1969. It is debatable to say whether Russell's concepts, patents, prototypes, and literature[citation needed] instigated and in some measure guided the optical digital revolution.[4]
  • Russell also invented an optical, massively parallel, memory system that uses no moving parts. This concept is taught in six patents[citatio
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  • He has developed concepts for a novel transportation system and urban structure[citation needed]. In July 2007, Russell held 54 US patents.
justin creed

Post-It Notes Were Invented By Accident - 1 views

  • There were actually two accidents that lead to the invention of the Post-It note.  The first was by Spencer Silver.  According to the former Vice President of Technical Operations for 3M Geoff Nicholson (now retired), in 1968, Silver was working at 3M trying to create super strong adhesives for use in the aerospace industry in building planes.  Instead of a super strong adhesive, though, he accidentally managed to create an incredibly weak, pressure sensitive adhesive agent called Acrylate Copolymer Microspheres.
  • It did have two interesting features, though.  The first is that, when stuck to a surface, it can be peeled away without leaving any residue. 
  • Specifically, the acrylic spheres only stick well to surfaces where they are tangent to the surface, thus allowing weak enough adhesion to be able to be peeled easily.  The second big feature is that the adhesive is re-usable, thanks to the fact that the spheres are incredibly strong and resist breaking, dissolving, or melting.   Despite these two notable features, no one, not even Silver himself, could think up a good marketable use for it.  Thus, even with Silver promoting it for five years straight to various 3M employees, the adhesive was more or less shelved. Finally, in 1973, when Geoff Nicholson was made products laboratory manager at 3M, Silver approached him immediately with the adhesive and gave him samples to play with. 
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  • Silver also suggested what he saw as his best idea for what to use the adhesive for, making a bulletin board with the adhesive sprayed on it.  One could then stick pieces of paper to the bulletin board without tacks, tape, or the like.  The paper could subsequently be easily removed without any residue being left on the sheets.  While this was a decent idea, it wasn’t seen as potentially profitable enough as annual bulletin board sales are fairly low.
  • Now enter the second accident by chemical engineer Art Fry.  Besides working at 3M as a Product Development Engineer and being familiar with Silver’s adhesive thanks to attending one of Silver’s seminars on the low-tack adhesive, he also sung in a church choir in St. Paul, Minnesota.
  • One little problem he continually had to deal with was accidentally losing his song page markers in his hymn book while singing, with them falling out of the hymnal.  From this, he eventually had the stroke of genius to use some of Silver’s adhesive to help keep the slips of paper in the hymnal.
  • Fry then suggested to Nicholson and Silver that they were using the adhesive backwards.  Instead of sticking the adhesive to the bulletin board, they should “put it on a piece of paper and then we can stick it to anything.”
  • This initially proved easier said than done, in terms of practical application.  It was easy enough to get the adhesive on the paper, but the early prototypes had the problem that the adhesive would often detach from the paper and stay on the object the paper was stuck to, or, at least, leave some of the adhesive behind in this way.  There was no such problem with the bulletin boards Silver had made because he had specifically made them so that the adhesive would bond better with the board than the paper. Two other 3M employees now entered the scene, Roger Merrill and Henry Courtney.  The two were tasked with coming up with a coating that could be put on the paper to make the adhesive stay bonded to it and not be left behind on whatever the paper was stuck to when it was removed, a task at which they were ultimately successful at achieving. Interestingly, because management at 3M still didn’t think the product would be commercially successful, they more or less shelved it for three years, even though the Post-It notes were extremely popular internally at 3M labs during that span.    Finally, in 1977, 3M began running test sale runs of the Post-It note, then called “Press ‘n Peel”, in a certain areas in four different cities to see if people would buy and use the product.  It turned out, no one much did, which confirmed in the minds of the executives that it wasn’t a good commercial product.
  • Luckily for offices the world over, Nicholson and Joe Ramey, Nicholson’s boss, didn’t feel like giving up yet.  They felt the marketing department had dropped the ball in that they hadn’t given businesses and people samples of the product to use to let them see for themselves how useful the notes could be.  So a year after the initial flop, 3M tried again to introduce the Post-It note to the world, this time giving huge amounts of free sample Post-It note pads away in Boise, Idaho, with the campaign deemed “The Boise Blitz”. 
  • This time, the re-order rate went from almost nothing, in the previous attempt, to 90% of the people and businesses that had received the free samples.  For reference, this was double the best initial rate 3M had ever seen for any other product they’d introduced.  Two years later, the Post-It note was released throughout the United States.
  • So after 5 years of constant rejection for the adhesive and another seven years in development and initial rejection, Post-It notes were finally a hit and have since become a mainstay in offices the world over, today being one of the top five best selling office supply products in the world.
  • Ever wonder why the standard color for Post-It notes is yellow?  It turns out this was kind of an accident as well.  The official story from some at 3M is that it was because it created a “good emotional connection with users” and that it would “contrast well stuck to white paper”.  However, according to Geoff Nicholson there was no such thought given to the color.  The real reason Post-It notes were yellow was simply because the lab next door to where they were working on the Post-It note “had some scrap yellow paper – that’s why they were yellow; and when we went back and said ‘hey guys, you got any more scrap yellow paper?’ they said ‘you want any more go buy it yourself’, and that’s what we did, and that’s why they were yellow. To me it was another one of those incredible accidents. It was not thought out; nobody said they’d better be yellow rather than white because they would blend in – it was a pure accident.”
  • Another obstacle in the initial launch of Post-It notes was that, because it was a completely new type of product, it required the construction of new machinery to mass produce the Post-It note pads, which was initially prohibitively expensive for a product seen by many within 3M as destined for commercial failure.
  • While most Post-It notes only have a thin strip of adhesive, you can buy Post-It notes that are completely covered in the back with the adhesive.  One example of a place this type of note is used is at the U.S. postal service.  These full adhesive backed notes are used there on forwarded mail.
  • Post-It notes received an upgrade in 2003 when 3M launched a new version of the Post-It note with super sticky glue that has better adhesion to vertical surfaces.
  • Spencer Silver holds a total of 22 patents, including the patent for the “low-tack, reusable, pressure sensitive adhesive” used in Post-It notes (Patent#: 3,691,140).  Silver is still working at 3M today in their special adhesives department.  He also has a doctorate in organic chemistry, which he received two years before inventing the adhesive used in Post-It notes.  On the side, his favorite past time is painting using pastels and oils, which he apparently is extremely accomplished at.
  •  Post-It notes are occasionally used in art-work.  One such famous example was in 2008 when Shay Hovell used 12,000 Post-It notes to create a replica of the Mona Lisa.  The most expensive Post-It note art piece was done by R.B. Kitaj and sold for £640 (about $1000) in 2000.
  • Art Fry received his early education in a one room schoolhouse.  He studied chemistry at the University of Minnesota and was hired while still in school at the “Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company”, which later was re-named 3M.  He retired from 3M in the early 1990s.
jacob sullivan

Fountain pen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • A fountain pen is a nib pen that, unlike its predecessor the dip pen, contains an internal reservoir of water-based liquid ink. The pen draws ink from the reservoir through a feed to the nib and deposits it on paper via a combination of gravity and capillary action. Filling the reservoir with ink may be achieved manually (via the use of a Pasteur pipette or syringe), or via an internal filling mechanism which creates suction (for example, through a piston mechanism) to transfer ink directly through the nib into the reservoir. Some pens employ removable reservoirs in the form of pre-filled ink cartridges. A fountain pen needs little or no pressure to write.
  • liest historical record of a reservoir pen dates to the 10th century. In 953, Ma'ād al-Mu'izz, the caliph of the Maghreb, demanded a pen that would not stain his hands or clothes, and was provided with a pen that held ink in a reservoir and delivered it to the nib, which could be held upside-down without leaking, as recorded i
  • hat some form of pen with an ink res
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  • wenter descr
  • In Deliciae Physico-Mathematicae
  • ibed a pen made from two quills
  • es Stephen Perry devised a
  • In 1828 Josiah Mason improved a cheap, efficient slip-in nib in Birmingham, England, which could be added to a fountain pen and in 1830, with the invention of a new machine, William
  • was squeezed through a small hole to the writing point. In 1663 Samuel Pepys referred to a metal pen "to carry ink".[2] Noted Maryland historian Hester Dorsey Richardson (1862–1933) documented a reference to "three silver fountain pens, worth 15 shillings" in England during the reign of Charles II, ca. 1649–1685.[3] By the early 1
  • 1734 notation made by Robert Morris the elder in the ledger of the expenses of
  • way to mass manufacture robus
  • steel-nib pens manufactured in the world were made in Birmingham. Thousands of skilled craftsmen and -women were employed in the
  • previously could not afford to write, thus encouraging the development of education and literacy.
  • These were sold worldwide to many wh
  • industry. Many new manufacturing techniques were perfected, enabling the city's factories
  • mid-19th century
  • most inks were highly corrosive and full of sedimentary inclusions. The Romanian inventor Petrache Poenaru received a French patent on May 25, 1827 for the invention of a fountain pen with a barrel made from a large swan quill.[6] In 1848 American inventor Azel Storrs Lyman patented a pen with "a combined holder and nib".[7][8] From the 1850s there
  • was a steadily accelerating stream of fountain pen patents and pens in production. However, it was only after three key inventions were in place that the fountain pen became a widely popular writing instrument. Those were the iridium-tipped gold nib, hard rubber, and free-flowing ink. Waterman 42 Safety Pen, with variation in materials (both red and black rubbers) and retracting nibs. The first fountain pens making use of all these key ingredients appeared in the 1850
  • The ear
  • n Kitab al-Majalis wa
  • 'l-musayarat, by Qadi al-Nu'man al-Tamimi (d. 974).[1] No details of the construction or mechanism of operation of this pen are known, and no examples have survived.
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    wikipedia fountain pens
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    more information
Alana Pearce

Edwin Binney - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

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    All about Edwin Binney
Morgan Pearson

Seat belt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • its modern form by Swedish inventor Nils Bohlin for Swedish manufacturer Volvo—who introduced it in 1959 as standard equipment.
  • A seat belt, also known as a safety belt, is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the occupant of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collision or a sudden stop.
  • reduce the likelihood of death or serious injury in a traffic collision
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  • secondary impacts with interior strike hazards,
  • positioned correctly for maximum effectiveness of the airbag (if equipped) and by preventing occupants being ejected from the vehicle in a crash or if the vehicle rolls over.
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    great info
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    About the three-point seat belt.
jacob sullivan

Waterman pens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

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    here are some facts about a fountain pen
bailey spoonemroe

William Wrigley | Chewing Gum - 0 views

  • William Wrigley
  • Perhaps one of the most famous names in the gum industry is William Wrigley.  Wrigley was the son of a soap salesman from Philadelphia, and at the age of thirteen, he was also selling soap.  At the age of 30, he moved to Chicago to open a new branch of his father’s company and came up with an idea to provide “premiums” to vendors who purchased a certain amount of soap.  These premiums included baking powder, cookbooks, and umbrellas. 14.  The baking powder sales surpassed the popularity of the soap, so Wrigley made that his primary product and offered gum as a premium, the very same development from John Curtis.  Once again, the premium’s popularity surpassed that of the product, and Wrigley entered the gum industry.  Wrigley hired the Zero Gum Company to manufacture gum for him, and it was here that the Wrigley’s industry started.  He introduced a series of branded gums in 1983, including Juicy Fruit and Spearmint.  In 1898, he founded William Wrigley Jr. Company. 15.  
  • While this type of industry-making is nothing new or special, what set Wrigley apart from his competitors, including the Adams company, was his marketing and advertising.  Wrigley is famously quoted as saying, “Anyone can make gum. The trick is to sell it.”16.  And sell it he did.  Wrigley began by doing a modest advertising campaign in 1906 in Buffalo, Rochester, and Syracuse, with successful results.  The campaign then evolved to massive billboards, placards in streetcars and subways, and one of the first electric signs,
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  • including a massive one in Times Square (the electricity bill of which was an annual $100,000).
  •   The billboards then evolved to a linked line of 117 signs along the railroad between Atlantic City and Trenton, New Jersey advertising Wrigley’s Spearmint.  Between 1915 and 1917, Wrigley sent free samples of gum to everyone with a telephone book, a total of more than 8.5 million, and in another campaign, every child received two sticks of gum when they turned two, reaching 750,000 children. 17.  A brand-recognition study in the 1920s found that 65% of people listed Wrigley as their “top-of-mind” choice for chewing gum, while the nearest competitor scored only 10%. 18.  Wrigley’s advertising campaigns were what truly made gum popular throughout the country and a billion dollar industry.
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    How he started selling gum
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    good info look at highleded info on the inventer
bobby gaulden

Velcro - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • invented in 1948
  • Swiss electrical engineer George de Mestral
  • The hook-and-loop fastener was conceived in 1941 by Swiss engineer, George de Mestral[2][9][10] who lived in Commugny, Switzerland.
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  • The idea came to him one day after returning from a hunting trip with his dog in the Alps. He took a close look at the burrs
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    facts about velcro 
bobby gaulden

George de Mestral - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • an agricultural engineer
  • Mestral designed a toy airplane at age twelve and patented it
  • He attended the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
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  • graduation in 1930
  • ventually selling 60 million yards
  • multi-million dollar company.
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    the inventor of Velcro 
De Anna Jo Powell

File:Cyanoacrylate structure.png - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

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    Picture of cyanoacrylate
Katlyn Humphries

Pampers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

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    the history of pampers
Chad Amico

Post-it Digital Notes - Free download and software reviews - CNET Download.com - 0 views

    • Chad Amico
       
      You even have sticky notes for your computers and phones!!!!!
savannah krantz

Max Factor, Jr. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • He was born Francis Factor in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Max Factor, a Polish immigrant. Known as "Frank," his family moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1908 where he began working in the family business while still a boy.
  • While his father wanted to reserve the product for film use, Frank Factor was open to the commercial possibilities and began developing lighter shades.
  • At the time the company was only able to produce enough to meet studio demand which until production could be increased delayed commercial release until 1937.
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  • After his father's death in 1938,[2] Frank Factor at the urging of his family legally changed his name to Max Factor, Jr. and as president expanded the still private cosmetics firm, along with members of the immediate family. He was heavily involved with the development of new products, particularly "Tru-Color" released in 1940 as the first smear-proof lipstick.
  • Max Factor, Jr. was married in 1933 to Mildred “Milly” Cohen with whom he remained for thirty-seven years until her death in 1970.[3] The couple raced Thoroughbred horses for many years.
  • Max Factor, Jr., died in 1996 of heart failure in Los Angeles, California, and was interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California.
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    sad story but great guy
Shelby Tenney

Harry Coover - 0 views

  • AKA Harry Wesley Coover, Jr.Born: 6-Mar-1919Birthplace: Newark, DEDied: 19-Mar-2011Location of death: Kingsport, TNCause of death: Heart Failure
  • Executive summary: Invented Super Glue
  • American chemist Harry Coover discovered the adhesive properties of certain cyanoacrylates in 1951, leading to development of a quick-drying and strong-bonding paste now known as Super Glue
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  • improved eye shield for precision gunsights,
  • Kodak began marketing Coover's accident as an all-purpose adhesive in 1958
  • now used for sealing dental repairs, lesions, and bleeding ulcers, and for suture-free surgery.
  • Coover developed a cyanoacrylate spray based on the same compound,
  • sprayed onto soldiers' serious wounds to quickly halt bleeding,
  • brand name Eastman 910
    • De Anna Jo Powell
       
      Not much, but has alot of information
  • Father: Harry Wesley CooverWife: Muriel Zumbach (m. 1941, d. 2005, two sons, one daughter)Son: Harry Wesley Coover IIIDaughter: Melinda Coover PaulSon: Stephen Coover
bailey spoonemroe

How chewing gum is made - manufacture, making, history, used, procedure, industry, mach... - 0 views

  • Kneading and rolling the gum
  • Preparing the chicle
  • Raw Mate
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  • Chewing gum is a sweetened, flavored confection composed primarily of latex, both natural and artificial. Organic latex, a milky white fluid produced by a variety of seed plants, is best known as the principle component of rubber. Used as a snack, gum has no nutritive value, and, when people have finished chewing, they generally throw it away rather than swallow it.
  • The most successful chewing gum company ever is that established by William Wrigley, Jr., in 1892. Although the company, run by the founder's son and grandson after his death in 1932, developed a wide array of flavored gums, it dropped many of these to concentrate on its biggest sellers: "Juicy Fruit," "Doublemint," and "Wrigley's Spearmint." Recently, the company introduced gum for denture wearers, sugar-free gum, cinnamon-flavored gum, and non-stick bubble gum. Like earlier Wrigley products, all have proven popular. The secrets behind the success of Wrigley gums—the company has never made anything else—are strong flavor and prominent advertising. As William Wrigley, Jr., said early in the century, "Tell 'em quick and tell 'em often."
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    about how gum is made
Nathanael Nix

Father Of The Cellphone 'Unleashed' World's Callers From Copper Wires: Kids Search - po... - 0 views

  • For years, my colleagues and I at Motorola had a dream. And that dream was that everyone someday would be free to talk wherever they were, would be unleashed from the copper wires that tied them to the network. And then the FCC, the Federal Communications Commission, announced that they were about to make a decision.
  • We call that first phone the brick.
  • The battery life was only 20 minutes, but that was not a problem because you couldn't hold that heavy things up for more than 20 minutes.
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    This is a pretty decent website that has some good information on it.
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