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Heather Purpera

James Russell - History of the Compact Disk or CD - 0 views

inventors.about.com/...CD.htm

james russell history compact disk inventor google

shared by Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14 - Cached
    • Heather Purpera
      Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14
       
      A compact disk (cd) is a popular form of digital storage media used for computer files, pictures, and music. The plastic platter is read and written to by a laser in a CD drive. It comes in several varieties including CD-ROM, CD-R, and CD-RW. James Russell invented the compact disk in 1965. James Russell was granted a total of 22 patents for various elements of his compact disk system. However, the compact disk did not become popular until it was mass manufactured by Philips in 1980.
  • A compact disk (cd) is a popular form of digital storage media used for computer files, pictures, and music. The plastic platter is read and written to by a laser in a CD drive. It comes in several varieties including CD-ROM, CD-R, and CD-RW. James Russell invented the compact disk in 1965. James Russell was granted a total of 22 patents for various elements of his compact disk system. However, the compact disk did not become popular until it was mass manufactured by Philips in 1980.
Heather Purpera

History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, The bases of digital ... - 0 views

history-computer.com/...compact_disc.html

history james compact disk modern

shared by Heather Purpera on 10 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Compact Disk of James Russel The first workable digital compact disc device, the precursor on now ubiquitous CD/DVDs, was invented in the late 1960s by the American physicist James Russell
  • James T. Russell was born in Bremerton, Washington in 1931. He was always a smart boy and at the age of six he devised a remote-control battleship with a storage compartment for his lunch (obviously the young James enjoyed the food :-)
  • In 1953, Russell earned his Bachelor degree in physics and graduated from Reed College in Portland. Afterwards he went to work as a Physicist in General Electric's nearby labs in Richland, where his wife Barbara worked as a chemist. At GE, working for the Hanford Nuclear Plant, and appointed as a "designated problem-solver" for GE experimental unit, Russell initiated many experimental instrumentation projects. He was among the first to use a color TV screen and keyboard as the main interface between computer and operator. He also designed and built the first electron beam welder. In 1950s and early 1960s, Russell, who was an avid music listener (he was found of classical music—Beethoven, Chopin, Mussorgsky, Offenbach. etc.), quite frustrated with the wear and tear of his vinyl records and their poor sound quality, tried to improve the record player. Initially he tried using a cactus needle, instead of steel one, for a stylus, but with no success. "After each record you had to resharpen the needle," he recalled.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • In 1965, the Ohio-based Battelle Memorial Institute opened its Pacific Northwest Laboratory in Richland, to took over management of Hanford's lab, and James Russell joined the effort as Senior Scientist. Thus he gained an audience for his more far-fetched ideas and immediately began to pepper Battelle with proposals for new commercial concepts. The optical digital technology was initially met with skepticism, as it was not believed that one could digitize sound. "Here I was at Battelle, enmeshed in the scientific community, and one of the first things I had to demonstrate was that you could digitize music and reproduce it" he said. "Music into numbers? Come on now, Russell."
  • ple to convert into an audible or visible transmission.
  • Through the 1970s, Russell continued to refine the CD-ROM, adapting it to any form of data. However, like many ideas far ahead of their time, the CD-ROM found few interested investors at first. In 1971, Eli S. Jacobs, a New York venture capitalist, pioneered the commercialization by forming Digital Recording Corporation to further enhance the product for the consumer video market, and hired Russell and a team of technicians to come up with a video disk. Their efforts led to a 20-minute video disc in 1973.
  • "The vision I had in mind was of television programs on little plastic records. The networks, instead of putting programs on television, would print records. And if you wanted to watch your favorite programs you'd get them in the mail and put in the disk whenever you want," Russell said. "Jacobs thought, if we can do it, hey great, we've got the whole world by the tail. And if we can't, well at least you know where you are." In 1974 Digital Recording Corporation announced an optical digital television recording and playback machine, the first device to digitize a color image, at a Chicago trade show. The response from large potential investors was rather cool. Philips Electronics representatives visited Russell's Battelle lab in the summer of 1975, and they discounted the entire premise of his work. "They said: It's all very well for data storage, but you can't do that for video or audio." recalled Russell. Philips had just released its laser disc, an analog optical video player, and they were convinced that analog was the only way. "Philips put $60 million into development of the laser disc. We were advised that nobody would tell them they had made a mistake."
  • Sony launched its CDP-101—the first commercialized CD player in 1982. Sony and Philips paid royalties from CD player sales to Battelle and to Optical Recording Corporation. Time-Warner and other disc manufacturers settled with the Optical Recording Corporation in 1992, paying $30 million for patent infringement. The court determined that Optical Recording had the sole rights over the technology mentioned in the patents. But because the patents properly belonged to Russell's employer, he never got a cent out of either deal. By 1985, Russell had earned 26 patents for CD-ROM technology. He then founded his own consulting firm, where he has continued to create and patent improvements in optical storage systems, along with bar code scanners, liquid crystal shutters, and other industrial optical instruments. His most revolutionary recent invention is a high-speed optical data recorder and player that has no moving parts. Russell earned another 11 patents for this "Optical Random Access Memory" device.
  • James Russell has more good ideas before breakfast than most people do all their life
  • Heather Purpera on 10 Jan 14
     
    Information and facts on the inventor 
Heather Purpera

Scrupuli: Who Invented the CD and the CD-ROM? - 0 views

metaed.blogspot.com/...ho-invented-cd-and-cd-rom.html

inventor history notes

shared by Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14 - No Cached
    • Heather Purpera
      Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14
       
      Jul 28, 2000 8:37 PM-James Russell thought of it in 1965 while working for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U. S. Department of Energy. His idea, known as Optical Digital Recording (ODR), was to store information digitally on photosensitive film using a laser to record and to play back. In 1974, for his work on ODR, Russell was honored with an R&D 100 Award. By 1980 he had made the first disk player.
  • For a long time Battelle was unable to interest anyone else in ODR. Eventually Sony and Philips licensed it, established a proprietary ODR format for audio called “Compact Disc” (CD), and delivered a commercial product in 1982, followed in 1985 with a related ODR format for data called CD-ROM. Sony and Philips call these their “inventions”, misleading many into seeing Sony and Philips as visionary. They are often given sole credit for this revolutionary technology. In actuality, their contribution was to bring Russell’s system to market, and only after taking two decades to recognize its value.
  • As you might expect, Sony and Philips have made millions, and Russell himself got nothing.
  • ...6 more annotations...
    • Heather Purpera
      Heather Purpera on 13 Jan 14
       
      Russell got nothing as expected yet Sony and Philips have gotten all the fame and made "millions"!!!
  • Russell invented it Fred Moody: CD-ROM Inventor Strikes Again
  • Sony and Philips co-invented it
  • ment.
  • It is now 14 years since Sony and Philips launched the Compact Disc digital audio format and gave the world its first taste of digital entertain
  • Jul 28, 2000 8:37 PM–James Russell thought of it in 1965 while working for Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the U. S. Department of Energy. His idea, known as Optical Digital Recording (ODR), was to store information digitally on photosensitive film using a laser to record and to play back. In 1974, for his work on ODR, Russell was honored with an R&D 100 Award. By 1980 he had made the first disk player.
Tuffer Jordan

The new boom in laser discs: Student Research Center - powered by EBSCOhost - 0 views

web.ebscohost.com/...detail

research CD james russell inventor

shared by Tuffer Jordan on 17 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • Compact audio disc players, which use a laser beam, deliver sound with immense dynamic range and a startling purity.
  • Tuffer Jordan on 17 Jan 14
     
    CDs ( Compact Disks ) use a laser beam to deliver sound with immense dynamic rang and a starting purity.
Heather Purpera

Pioneers of Music - 0 views

courses.washington.edu/...music.html

inventor history notes music

shared by Heather Purpera on 16 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • James T. Russell James T. Russell (Left), born in Bremerton Washington, is a very influential inventor in the music industry. Russell, an avid music fan, frustrated by the poor quality of his records, set out to create a means of playing music that would have better longevity. With this goal in mind, Russell created the first “digital-to-optical recording and playback system,” what we know now as the compact disc. He used light to read the product instead of actually touching the material. The invention was finished in the late 1960s, and was originally patented by 1970. By 1985, Russell had over 26 patents on the invention, and sold the licenses to companies like Phillips Electronics, to produce the compact disc.
  • The music industry has been changed and has had great advancements throughout history. One of the main forms of advancement stems from the ways in which the industry has faced recording, and publication. Society has seen the industry veer from the standard eight-track, to the record, to the tape, to CD, to MP3, etc., and with each new advancement, the entire industry changes. It isn’t uncommon for a person to see many changes of medium within a lifetime. With each change comes better quality, more innovation, and more possibility for further progression.
  • The Compact Disc The invention of the CD has had one of the most influential, and timely effects on the music industry. The CD came into the technology scene in the 1980s. Philips Electronics N.V first produced it in 1980. The invention originated in the computer industry in 1980, and took over the floppy disk. It could contain the same amount of information as 1,000 floppy disks, thus it became a very popular alternative. Soon, it also became influential in the music industry in 1982, when technology was invented that allowed the disc to hold audio files with a far better sound quality than was prior possible. The compact disc is read by a laser beam, which leads to a more accurate and qualified playback. In addition, compact discs allowed the user to skip between songs with out using the fast forward/ rewind button, a feature that wasn’t available on the magnetic cassette tape.
Heather Purpera

The First CD Invented - 0 views

www.thisisthefirst.com/...38-the-first-cd-invented

invented inventor history notes google

shared by Heather Purpera on 15 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • James Russell invented the compact disc in 1965. James Russell was granted a total of 22 patents for various elements of his compact disc system. However, the compact disk did not become popular until it was mass manufactured by Philips in 1980.             The first working prototype was produced in 1979. At the time of the technology's introduction it had more capacity than computer hard drives common at the time. The reverse is now true, with hard drives far exceeding the capacity of CDs.
  • n 1979, Philips and Sony got together to manufacture the compact disc.
  • The team leaders of this project were Kees Immink and Toshitada Doi. Philps handled the manufacturing process along with the Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation (EFM), while Sony too care of the error connection method, better known as CIRC. However, Philips claims that this invention was not a one man's job but a collective contribution by members of both the companies who worked together as a team.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982.            Mass adoption didn't happen immediately -- CDs wouldn't overtake cassette tapes until the late 1980s. The first album to sell 1 million copies in the CD format and outsell its vinyl version was Dire Straits' "Brothers in Arms," released in 1985.
  • This disc was taken over by nearly all markets across the globe, especially the Europe and the United States consumer market. The first successful CD to be launched was Brothers in Arms in 1985.A compact disc (CD) is a popular form of digital storage media used for computer files, pictures, and music. The plastic platter is read and written to by a laser in a CD drive. It comes in several varieties including CD-ROM, CD-R, and CD-RW.  As with most new technologies, one reason for the slow spread of CDs was their steep price tags. The Sony CDP-101 player sold for the equivalent of $730 when it first hit Japanese shelves in 1982. Accounting for inflation, that's about $1,750 today. The audio CDs themselves were $15, which is $35 in 2012 dollars.
  • Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimeters (4.7 in) and can hold up to 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or 700 MB (actually about 703 MB or 737 MB) of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimeters (2.4 to 3.1 in); they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio or delivering device drivers.
Tuffer Jordan

Wecome to NWS&T Magazine Online - 0 views

depts.washington.edu/...index.php

CD inventor

shared by Tuffer Jordan on 10 Jan 14 - No Cached
  • The Puget Sound Engineering Council selected Russell as the 2005 Industry Engineer of the Year. And despite all of his accomplishments, it wasn't until Joe Decuir of Seattle's chapter of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., (IEEE) saw a story about Russell in the local newspaper that he suggested Russell's name to the committee last fall.
  • In the mid 1950s, he was frustrated with the sound quality of LPs, which started wearing out after only a dozen plays. He even tried using a cactus needle to play records because the jewel needle wore out the vinyl faster and didn't sound as clear. Russell wanted a way to capture the complexity and nuances of classical music without damaging the recording. And the idea that sparked a multi-billion dollar industry was about to take shape in Russell's mind.
  • In fifth grade, he started building radios out of parts he scrounged from the neighbors. In high school, he took a job setting up a commercial radio station, even though he didn't know how to hook up most of the equipment. "But I learned– rapidly,” he laughs.
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • After graduating from Reed College with a degree in physics in 1953, Russell took a job with General Electric in the Hanford Nuclear Plant doing experimental work.
  • Battelle took over the Hanford Laboratories in 1965 and gave Russell a lab and time to work on some of his imaginings, including the crazy idea that sound could be converted to strings of numbers and reproduced using light.
  • He had come up with a way of using a laser to read digital bits of information, which later became the most widely-used way to read just about everything. By using a light to read the data, the record would never wear out. The data are encoded as microscopic pit marks on the surface of the disk, which, when spun, can be read to reproduce high-quality sound.
  • The original goal was to record television shows, not music, because adding visuals would be more difficult. If television couldn't be recorded digitally, Russell and his backers decided they would at least know where they stood. In 1973, they were successful, but they were ahead of their time. Amazingly, no one wanted to buy a license for the precursor to the DVD.
  • By 1991, about 25 years after he came up with the idea, CDs were outselling their predecessors, audio tapes, in record stores nationwide.
  • But all he can do is shrug ruefully, "I didn't invent the CD, I invented the technology.”
  • Today, Russell has more than 50 patents to his name. He continues his work from the basement of his Bellevue home where he and Barbara have lived for more than a decade.
  • The first devices were called Optical Digital Data Storage –the term CD is actually a trademark of Philips. The original storage units were made of glass plates, about the size of large index cards, which could be read as a laser scanned over them.
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      Russell didn't get fame nor riches for his invention.
  • Now, sales of the mirror-like plastic discs are in the billions every year, but the man behind it all has gotten neither fame nor riches. The company that held the patents sold the rights for a song. Now, Russell has a few artifacts from the early days, a scrapbook full of pictures, and a handful of plaques and trophies to show for all his
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      In the fifth grade, Russell started building radios out of parts he scrounged form the neighbors.
    • Tuffer Jordan
      Tuffer Jordan on 16 Jan 14
       
      Russell came up with a way of using a laser to read digital bits of information, which later became the most widely-used way to read just about everything.
  • Tuffer Jordan on 10 Jan 14
     
    James T. Russell invented the CD! 
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