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marino5856

Why Do We Change the Clocks Twice a Year? | Wonderopolis - 0 views

  • it’s Daylight Saving Time! Daylight Saving Time (or “Summer Time,” as it’s known in many parts of the world) was created to make better use of the long sunlight hours of the summer. By “springing” clocks forward an hour in March, we move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening. On the first Sunday in November, we “fall back” and rewind our clocks to return to Standard Time.
    • marino5856
       
      the hour changes to save daylight and light because like we have the sun light we don't need to waste la light. It changes in summer to have more light when it is getting night and in october again so that it is more dark because in winter we don't need so much the light.
jaime5789

BBC Nature - Dinosaurs 'shrank' regularly to become birds - 0 views

shared by jaime5789 on 04 Nov 14 - No Cached
  • Huge meat-eating, land-living dinosaurs evolved into birds by constantly shrinking for over 50 million years, scientists have revealed.
    • jaime5789
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs evolved into the small birds we know today! Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! Big meat eating dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex may have evolved into the modern birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs evolved into the small birds that we see today! Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! Big meat eating dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex may have evolved into the modern birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
       
      Gigantic dinosaurs such as the Spinosaurus and T-Rex evolved into the small birds that we see today. Scientists think that dinosaurs evolved into birds, now people also think that dinosaurs used to have feathers! 
    • jaime5789
       
      New Paraphrase: Did you know that dinosaurs, such as the Tyrannosaurus Rex and the fearsome Velociraptor became smaller, and after 50 million years, we now think that... 
  • Previous work has shown that theropod dinosaurs, the dinosaur group which included Tyrannosaurus rex and Velociraptor and gave rise to modern birds, must have decreased in size at some point in their evolution into small, agile flyers.
    • jaime5789
       
      Now, work has shown that two legged dinosaurs including T-Rex and the fearsome Velociraptor gave birth to the birds we see today!
    • jaime5789
       
      The University of Adelaide, wonders a lot about dinosaurs... They found out that dinosaurs such as Spinosaurus and Utahraptor made the birds we know today! 
  • But size changes frequently occurred in dinosaur evolution, so the research team members, led by Mike Lee, from the University of Adelaide, Australia, wanted to find out if the dramatic size reduction associated with the origin of birds was unique. They also wanted to measure the rate of evolution in dinosaurs using a large data set
    • jaime5789
       
      Research indicates that dinosaurs constantly changed, the University of Adelaide wants to find out what makes the gigantic size changes? They found out that the evolution by dinosaur is unique and amazing! 
    • jaime5789
       
      The University of Adelaide also wants to measure the the frequency of dinosaur evolution!
    • jaime5789
       
      The U.O.A (University Of Adelaide) wonders, "how can something so big turn into something so small?" this is due to new eras, and the evolution of dinosaurs & birds!
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  • They found that the dinosaur group directly related to birds shrank rapidly from about 200 million years ago.
    • jaime5789
       
      Scientists found out that a dinosaur species related to birds shrank in a short time and probably turned into the birds we know today! 
    • jaime5789
       
      Dinosaur species related to birds, shrank in a short period of time! We know believe that they turned into the birds that we're familiar with today! 
  • Theropods shrunk 12 times from 163kg (25st 9lb) to 0.8kg (1.8lb), before becoming modern birds.
    • jaime5789
       
      Really big dinosaurs started shrinking and their weight decreased slowly..
  • The researchers found theropods were the only dinosaurs to get continuously smaller.
    • jaime5789
       
      Scientists now know that the two-legged dinosaur species were the dinosaurs that frequently got smaller! 
  • From this analysis they produced a detailed family tree mapping out the transformation of theropods to their bird descendants.
    • jaime5789
       
      We now predit that the two-legged dinosaurs transformed into birds!
  • It traces evolving adaptations and changing body size over time and across dinosaur branches.
    • jaime5789
       
      We now think that dinosaurs adapted into transforming into birds little by little! 
  • The researchers concluded that the evolution of the branch of dinosaurs leading to birds was more innovative than other dinosaur lineages.
    • jaime5789
       
      We conclude that, dinosaurs probably changed into birds! 
  • this sustained shrinking and accelerated evolution of smaller and smaller body size allowed the ancestors of birds to develop traits which helped them to cope much better than their less evolved dinosaur relatives.
    • jaime5789
       
      Dinosaurs were getting smaller they developed traits to survive. 
  • The researchers believe that miniaturisation and the development of bird-like traits had a joint influence on the evolution of the dinosaurs into today's birds. Professor Michael Benton, from the University of Bristol's school of earth sciences, said: "This study means we can't see the origin of birds as a sudden or dramatic event, with a dinosaur becoming a powered flyer overnight. "The functions of each special feature of birds changed over time - feathers first for insulation, and later co-opted for flight; early reductions in body size perhaps for other reasons, and later they were small enough for powered flight; improvements in sense of sight and enlargement of brain - even a small improvement in these is advantageous. "So perhaps it's a long-term trend associated with deputation to a new set of habitats, in the trees, to avoid predation, and to exploit new food resources."
    • jaime5789
       
      Researchers now think that the shrinking of the dinosaurs was what developed dinosaurs into todays birds! Professor Michael from the University of Bristol says that we can't study the era of birds, just like that...
    • jaime5789
       
      This is a long process that didn't just happen like that, you sleep, you wake up and you're a bird, no! Its a very difficult process! 
  • "Birds evolved through a unique phase of sustained miniaturisation in dinosaurs," Mr Lee said.
    • jaime5789
       
      Birds evolved due to the dinosaurs becoming smaller!
Isabel Herrera

BBC Food - Why do we turn up our noses at certain foods? - 1 views

  • But for most of us, our food loves and hates are less extreme, and change throughout our lifetimes.
    • Isabel Herrera
       
      For a lot of people in the world the food that they hate may change as the food that they love and the food that love may change as the food that they hate.
Eugenio Ferrara

Why does the sky change color at sunset? - 0 views

  • The sky is blue all day because the particles in our atmosphere cause light’s energies to scatter! Th
  • The reason we have color is because we have light! Beams of light contain different energies that our eyes then interpret as certain colors. When the sun shines onto Earth and lights up the sky, it shines waves of energies containing lots of colors
marino5856

Curious About Astronomy: Why is a day divided into 24 hours? - 0 views

  • December 2003 answer: It appears that the Egyptians were responsible for the 24 hour day. The Eqyptians were fond of counting in base twelve (instead of base 10 which is commonly used today). This is thought to be because they counted finger joints instead of fingers. Each of your fingers has three joints, so if you count by pointing to finger joints with your thumb you can count to twelve on each hand. This might seem arbitrary, but is actually just a strange as counting in base ten simply because we have ten digits.
    • marino5856
       
      The egyptians were the ones that were in charge of the 24 hours in a day because they had a system so they found  a counting base in twelve.
  • The Egyptians divided the clock into 12 hours of daytime and 12 hours of night-time (or alternatively 10 hours between sunrise and sunset, an hour for each twilight period and 12 hours of darkness). This is known because of various sundials from the period which have been found to be marked with hours. Interestingly this means that hours started out changing in length with the seasons (as the amount of daylight vs. darkness changes).
    • marino5856
       
      they divided the clock in 12 hours because 12 in the night and about 10 in the sunrise that it became 12hours so that it is equal.
    • marino5856
       
      The egyptians divided the clock into 12 hours. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 a.m and 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12 p.m so that all the p.m could see the stars and the a.m the sunrise. Like there are 12 a.m and 12 p.m so 12 plus 12 equals24 thats why we have 24 hours in a day.
marino5856

Christopher Columbus: Voyages to the New World | Infoplease.com - 0 views

  • On Aug. 3, 1492, Columbus sailed from Palos, Spain, with three small ships, the Santa María, commanded by Columbus himself, the Pinta under Martín Pinzón, and the Niña under Vicente Yáñez Pinzón. After halting at the Canary Islands, he sailed due west from Sept. 6 until Oct. 7, when he changed his course to the southwest. On Oct. 10 a small mutiny was quelled, and on Oct. 12 he landed on a small island (Watling Island; see San Salvador) in the Bahamas. He took possession for Spain and, with impressed natives aboard, discovered other islands in the neighborhood. On Oct. 27 he sighted Cuba and on Dec. 5 reached Hispaniola.
    • marino5856
       
       Christopher Columbus first voage was in 1492, he stayed in Canary Islands fron sept. 6 until oct.7 when he changes to the southwest
garza6544

How are rainbows made? - 0 views

  • The birth of each rainbow begins with millions of tiny rain droplets.  The rain droplets serve as a type of reflector of light.  White light enters one individual rain droplet and exits as one specific color of the spectrum.  Without millions of rain droplets, a rainbow would not occur.  If you only had a few rain droplets you would only see a few colors.  This is typically why rainbow appear after a rain storm
  • Each rain droplet has a function in the formation of the rainbow. Sunlight enters the rain droplet at a specific angle and the rain droplet separates the white light into many different colors.  This angle is a fixed measurement between your eye
  • and the sun.  What color is refracted depends upon the critical angle,                   which is the angle the sunlight strikes the back of the rain droplet.  Red light bends the least, exiting the rain droplet at a 42 degree angle, while Violet light bends the most, exiting the rain droplet at a 40 degree angle.  All of the other colors of the rainbow exit the rain droplets at some angle between 40 and 42 degrees, thus making up the colors of the rainbow ROYGBIV, this order never changes.
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  • Each rain droplet reflects all colors at a given point and time, but only one color comes back to your eye, requiring million of rain droplets to create a rainbow.  As the rain droplets fall through the sky, the colors of the spectrum being reflected and refracted are constantly changing.
  • The perfect time and place to look for a rainbow you need bright sunlight to your back and rain clouds off in the distance in the direction of your shadow. If it is later than 4:30 in the afternoon or earlier than 8:30 in the morning at these condition there is a very good chance you will be able to see a rainbow in the sky.  Other places you may see rainbows formed are fountains, in the ocean as the waves crash against the rock which create a mist in the air, waterfalls, sprinklers and mist from a garden hose. Always remember to have the sun at your back to see a rainbow, happy rainbow hunting!!!!!!
  • Rainbows form a complete circle, however only half is visible.  The horizon only  Picture from the web site of the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University                                                             allows us to see half of the rainbow circle, so we see just an arc.  What causes the rainbow to have a circular formation is the way that rain droplets fall.  The rain droplets do not fall is flat sheet, however they tend to fall at various distances and speeds.  On some occasions you can see a full circle around a garden hose.
    • garza6544
       
      each rainbow is made by millions of rain droplets. the rain droplets make a reflect of light and it makes different colors. While light comes in a specific Droplet then it makes a specific color. Without milions and milions of rain droplets the rainbow cant be formed. If you only have a few rain droplets then you will only see a few colors. This is the reason why they happen after a rain storm.
  • function
    • garza6544
       
      Each rain droplet that rains  is always useful to make a rainbow because every rainbow needs to do something different to make a rainbow. The rain droplets separates the light into different colors.
morales5853

How animals have adapted to their environment - 1 views

  • An adaptation is a way an animal's body helps it survive, or live, in its environment. Camels have learned to adapt (or change) so that they can survive.
    • morales5853
       
      A adaption is a way animals get used to their habitat and by this adaption they learn to survive in their home
Nany Rocha

Gender Focus | The History of Pink for Girls and Blue for Boys - 1 views

  • But did you know that pink hasn’t always been a colour for girls, or blue for boys? In Michael Kimmel’s outstanding Manhood in America: A Cultural History, he points out that clothing wasn’t colour-coded in America until the early twentieth century, before which little boys and girls were dressed pretty much identically. Even when people started pushing for more gender-specific children’s clothing, there was a huge debate over which colour to assign to which gender. It started out with boys wearing pink or red because the colours were seen to indicate strength, while girls wore blue because they were “flighty” like the sky. From a 1918 editorial called “Pink or Blue” cited by Kimmel:
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Michael Kimmel pointed out that color coding wasn't used in the vintage america.In fact little boys and little girls used to dress up the same way.But then people wanted to make little kids use specific colored clothes.It started with boys wearing pink or red stuff because the colors where supposed to symbolize strength,while girls used blue because it was soft and dainty (Delicate).
  • So basically the colours changed based on which colour was seen to denote the strength of boys and delicacy of girls, but the idea that those traits are inborn and inalienable did not. It’s not just clothes: walk through the girls’ section of any Toys R Us and you’ll see shelf after shelf of pink, pink, pink. While little girls enjoy some leeway to play with blue toys, many boys get mocked if they want to play with pink “girls’ toys” and sometimes their parents and relatives start panicking that they might even grow up to be (gasp) gay. The fact that parents worry about the sexuality of their kids at all is crazy enough in itself, but that’s for another time. Back to colour-coding.
  • If you think boys and girls just forget about coding gender based on colour once they hit puberty, you’d be wrong. Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio made headlines when he started forcing male inmates to wear pink underwear to humiliate them. He says it’s a deterrent to reoffending because inmates don’t want to come back and be forced to wear pink again. How screwed up is it that we’ve given a colour so much meaning in less than 100 years that it would make grown male criminals tremble just to think about wearing it?
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  • his is about more than policing convicts, it’s about policing the boundaries of masculinity and reinforcing homophobia. Kimmel states: “Homophobia is more than the irrational fear of homosexuals…[it] is the fear of other men – that other men will unmask us, emasculate us, reveal to us and the world that we do not measure up, are not real men.” The pink and blue shoe keychains might not seem like a big deal, and indeed most people don’t think twice about them. But imagine how much harder it could be for some trans and intersex people to negotiate a restroom ritual like this. Gender-neutral washrooms are a big step towards fixing this issue, but so is realizing that blue-pink colour coding is just the tip of the iceberg of things we use to arbitrarily divide “masculine” from “feminine”.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Gender stereotypes are something that might not seem important,but actually it is a bit important because it kind of symbolizes what a girl or boy will or would use as clothes or other things.I really think that all this stereotypes are dum because it actually doesn't make sense.
marino5856

hour (unit of time) -- Encyclopedia Britannica - 0 views

  • in timekeeping
  • 3,600 seconds, now defined in terms of radiation emitted from atoms of the element cesium under specified conditions. The hour was formerly defined as the 24th part of a mean solar day—i.e., of the average period of rotation of the Earth relative to the Sun. The hour of sidereal time, 1/24 of the Earth’s rotation period relative to the stars, was about 10 seconds shorter than the hour of mean solar time.
    • marino5856
       
      It also has 24 hours the earth because in the system of the egyptians it said that it also has 24 hours because of the earth spinning.
  • In even earlier systems of timekeeping, an hour was 1/12 of a period of daylight or darkness—hence, variable in length with seasonal changes in the length of day and night. The custom of dividing the cycle of day and night into 24 periods seems to have originated with the ancient Egyptians.
marino5856

The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493) - 0 views

  • On December 25, the Santa María ran aground and had to be abandoned. Columbus himself took over as captain of the Niña, as the Pinta had become separated from the other two ships. Negotiating with the local chieftain Guacanagari, Columbus arranged to leave 39 of his men behind in a small settlement, named La Navidad.
  • Leaving Cuba, Columbus made landfall on the Island of Hispaniola on December 5. The natives called it Haití, but Columbus renamed it La Española, a name which was later changed to Hispaniola when Latin texts were written about the discovery.
  • Second landfall: Cuba:
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  • First landfall: San Salvador:
  • The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus:
  • The land turned out to be a small island in the present-day Bahamas.
  • Columbus named the island San Salvador, although he remarked in his journal that the natives referred to it as Guanahani. There is some debate over which island was Columbus’ first stop; most experts believe it to be San Salvador, Samana Cay, Plana Cays or Grand Turk Island.
  • Pinta, first sighted land. Columbus himself later claimed that he had seen a sort of light or aura before Triana did, allowing him to keep the reward he had promised to give whomever spotted land first.
  • On October 12, Rodrigo de Triana, a sailor aboard the
Isabel Herrera

Taste, Information about Taste - 0 views

  • An individual's unique sense of taste is partially inherited, but factors such as culture and familiarity can help determine why one person's favorite food made be hot and spicy while another just can't get enough chocolate.
    • Isabel Herrera
       
      Taste can also depend on your culture or family traditions and that's why some people love spicy food while other people hate it and prefer chocolate instead.
  • Taste occurs when specific proteins in the food bind to receptors on the taste buds.
    • Isabel Herrera
       
      Taste can happen when the protein in the food your eating joins with the receptors in your taste buds.
  • Taste buds for all four taste groups can be found throughout the mouth, but specific kinds of buds are clustered together in certain areas. Think about licking an ice cream cone; taste buds for sweetness are grouped on the tip of our tongue. The buds for sour tastes are on the sides of the tongue and saltyon the front.
    • Isabel Herrera
       
      The taste buds for all "four taste groups" are usually placed all over the mouth, but taste buds for specific kinds are found in a little group somewhere in the mouth. For example, the taste buds for sweetness can be found in a tiny group in the tip of your tongue. The taste buds for sour are found on the sides.
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  • People constantly regenerate new taste buds every 3-10 days to replace the ones worn out by scalding soup, frozen yogurt, and the like. Unfortunately, aspeople grow older, their taste buds lose their fine tuning because they are replaced at a slower rate.
    • Isabel Herrera
       
      A lot of people change taste buds every 3-10 days to avoid the taste buds that had been used for hot soup and frozen yogurt. But as people grow older their taste buds starts losing their ability to taste that's why they're replaced.
  • (The number of taste buds varies in different animal species. For example, cows have 25,000 taste buds, rabbits 17,000, and adult people approximately 10,000.)
    • Isabel Herrera
       
      Different animals have different amount's of taste buds, Fore example cows have 24,000 taste buds, rabbits have 17,000 taste buds and adult people have 10,000 taste buds.
marino5856

Why We Divide the Day Into Seconds, Minutes, and Hours - 0 views

  • The concept of needing to divide up the day seems second nature to even the smallest kid who asks, “is it snack time”.   The reality is, even though we’ve decided that there is a need to divide up time, the actual process and the way we go about it has been changing for millennia.  The cruel irony is that even though we know we need to measure time, there has never been a consensus on what time really is.
    • marino5856
       
      The day is divided into minutes, seconds, and hours because of snack time so it all depended in how many times would we eat. That is equal to 12 hours plus the night so another 12 hours. Thats why there are 24 hours in a day.
guzman5862

How the Human Eye Works | Cornea Layers/Role | Light Rays - 0 views

  • Light rays pass through a dense, transparent gel-like substance, called the vitreous that fills the globe of the eyeball and helps the eye hold its spherical shape.
    • guzman5862
       
      When light pass to inside of your eye it is called a light ray and they travel hard, it is something that you can not see and if you touch it its like jelly but it stays there because it contacts with some part of your body, and that is named a vitreous and it puts allot of things inside the eyeball and that is important because its helpful for the so that it can keep his original form not for the eye to change of shape like (Rectangle, Square).
  •  
    Light rays pass through a dense, transparent gel-like substance, called the vitreous that fills the globe of the eyeball and helps the eye hold its spherical shape.
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