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garzat5774

How birds fly | Sciencelearn Hub - 0 views

  • Birds have many physical features, besides wings, that work together to enable them to fly. They need lightweight, streamlined, rigid structures for flight. The four forces of flight – weight, lift, drag and thrust – affect the flight of birds.
  • Flying birds have: lightweight, smooth feathers – this reduces the forces of weight and drag a beak, instead of heavy, bony jaws and teeth – this reduces the force of weight an enlarged breastbone called a sternum for flight muscle attachment – this helps with the force of thrust light bones – a bird’s bones are basically hollow with air sacs and thin, tiny cross pieces to make bones stronger – this reduces the force of weight a rigid skeleton to provide firm attachments for powerful flight muscles – this helps with the force of thrust a streamlined body – this helps reduce the force of drag wings – these enable the force of lift.
  • WingsThe shape of a bird’s wing is important for producing lift. The increased speed over a curved, larger wing area creates a longer path of air. This means the air is moving more quickly over the top surface of the wing, reducing air pressure on the top of the wing and creating lift. Also, the angle of the wing (tilted) deflects air downwards, causing a reaction force in the opposite direction and creating lift.Larger wings produce greater lift than smaller wings. So smaller-winged birds (and planes) need to fly faster to maintain the same lift as those with larger wings.Wing loading tells you how fast a bird or plane must fly to be able to maintain lift: wing loading = weight/wing area (kilograms per square metre).A smaller wing loading number means the bird/plane can fly more slowly while still maintaining lift and is more manoeuvrable.
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  • GlidingWhen a bird is gliding, it doesn’t have to do any work. The wings are held out to the side of the body and do not flap. As the wings move through the air, they are held at a slight angle, which deflects the air downwards and causes a reaction in the opposite direction, which is lift. But there is also drag (air resistance) on the bird’s body, so every now and then, the bird has to tilt forward and go into a slight dive so that it can maintain forward speed.
  • SoaringSoaring flight is a special kind of glide in which the bird flies in a rising air current (called a thermal). Because the air is rising, the bird can maintain its height relative to the ground. The albatross uses this type of soaring to support its multi-year voyages at sea.
  • FlappingBirds’ wings flap with an up-and-down motion. This propels them forward. The entire wingspan has to be at the right angle of attack, which means the wings have to twist (and do so automatically) with each downward stroke to keep aligned with the direction of travel.
  • Birds obtain thrust by using their strong muscles and flapping their wings. Some birds may use gravity (for example, jumping from a tree) to give them forward thrust for flight. Others may use a running take-off from the ground.
  • Different birds have different adaptive features to meet their flight needs: Some birds are small and can manipulate their wings and tail to manoeuvre easily, such as the fantail (pīwakawaka). The hawk, with its large wingspan, is capable of speed and soaring. Gannets and seabirds are streamlined to dive at high speeds into the ocean for fish. Godwits, although small, are equipped to fly long distances.
    • garzat5774
       
      birds have some chacteristics that help them fly, birds are light weighted they have light feathers insted of heavy ones that add more weight to their bodys, they also have a beak insted of jaws that also add weight to their boddys, thay have hollow bones in their body that means that the bone has nothing inside it
    • garzat5774
       
      birds get ready to fly by flapping their wings, some birds use "gravity" to take of some run and they jump just like an airplane and others jump from a tree and then start flapping their winds
marino5856

hour (unit of time) -- Encyclopedia Britannica - 0 views

  • in timekeeping
  • 3,600 seconds, now defined in terms of radiation emitted from atoms of the element cesium under specified conditions. The hour was formerly defined as the 24th part of a mean solar day—i.e., of the average period of rotation of the Earth relative to the Sun. The hour of sidereal time, 1/24 of the Earth’s rotation period relative to the stars, was about 10 seconds shorter than the hour of mean solar time.
    • marino5856
       
      It also has 24 hours the earth because in the system of the egyptians it said that it also has 24 hours because of the earth spinning.
  • In even earlier systems of timekeeping, an hour was 1/12 of a period of daylight or darkness—hence, variable in length with seasonal changes in the length of day and night. The custom of dividing the cycle of day and night into 24 periods seems to have originated with the ancient Egyptians.
lobo5879

Five Stages Of Sleep ... Sleep Cycles Explained - 2 views

  • Stage 1This is the lightest stage of sleep, the transition phase, where you feel yourself drifting off. If you were to forget about the alarm clock and allow yourself to wake up naturally, Stage 1 sleep would be the last stage before you fully wake up. You don't spend too much time in Stage 1 sleep, typically five to 10 minutes, just enough to allow your body to slow down and your muscles to relax.
    • lobo5879
       
      The stage 1 of sleep is when you are starting to relax your muscles and start to sleep. This stages is not very long it is about 5 to ten minutes. This stage is when you wake up more quickly for example if someone touches you you will easily wake up.
  • Stage 2The second stage of sleep is still considered light sleep. Your brain activity starts to slow down, as well as your heart rate and breathing. Your body temperature falls a little and you're beginning to reach a state of total relaxation in preparation for the deeper sleep to come.
  • Stage 3Stage 3 sleep is the start of deep sleep, also known as slow wave sleep. During stage 3, your brain waves are slow "delta waves," although there may still be short bursts of faster of brain activity (also known as beta-waves). If you were to get awakened suddenly during this stage, you would be groggy and confused, and find it difficult to focus at first.
    • lobo5879
       
      this stage is when your body is finishing to relax and example is: if someone trys to wake you up you would be confused and do not know what is happening because you were already finishing to completely relax
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  • Stage 4Of the five stages of sleep, this is the one when you experience your deepest sleep of the night. Your brain only shows delta-wave (slow wave) activity, and it's difficult to wake someone up when they're in Stage 4 of sleep.
    • lobo5879
       
      this stage i when you are more hardly to be awaken. In this stage is when you start to dream and this stage is when the kids start having nightmares
  • It's during Stage 4 sleep that children are most likely to suffer from bedwetting or sleep terrors. Stages 3 and 4 can last anywhere from 5 - 15 minutes each, but the first deep sleep of the night is more likely to be an hour or so. This is the time when the body does most of it's repair work and regeneration.
  • Stage 5 This is the stage of sleep when you dream. It is also referred to as "active sleep" or REM sleep, which stands for the rapid eye movements that characterize Stage 5. During REM sleep, your blood flow, breathing, and brain activity increases. An EEG would show that your brain is about as active as it is when you're awake.Another aspect of Stage 5 sleep is that the muscles in your arms and legs will go through periods of paralysis. Scientists speculate that this may be nature's way of protecting us from acting out our dreams.The first period of REM sleep of the night usually begins about 90 minutes after you start drifting off, and lasts for about 10 minutes. As the night passes, the periods of REM sleep become longer, with the final episode lasting an hour or so.Babies may spend as much as half of the time they're asleep in the REM phase. For a healthy adult, Stage 5 occurs for about 20 to 25% of the time you are sleeping, and decreases with age.Scientists and researchers are continually learning more about the mechanics and physiological effects of sleep, and what happens during the five stages of sleep.
    • lobo5879
       
      This stage is when you are completly relaxed and many babies are many time during this tage and adults are abaut 25% of they sleep
    • lobo5879
       
      This stage is more dificult to wake up because you are alrady in deep sleep.
guzman5860

Facts about the Sky for Kids - The Free Resource For Kids - 0 views

  • In the night sky (and to some extent during the day) the moon, planets and stars are visible in the sky.
    • guzman5860
       
      In the night if you see closely to the sky you can sometimes see the moon, stars, and, and planets 
Nany Rocha

Stanford research: The meaningful life is a road worth traveling - 2 views

  • One can find meaning in life and be unhappy at the same time. Aaker points out that this type of life has received less attention in the media, which has recently focused on how to cultivate the happy life.  Examples of highly meaningful, but not necessarily happy, lives may include nursing, social work or even activism. The unhappy but meaningful life involves difficult undertakings and can be characterized by stress, struggle and challenges. However, while sometimes unhappy in the moment, these people – connected to a larger sense of purpose and value – make positive contributions to society. Happiness without meaning is characterized by a relatively shallow and often self-oriented life, in which things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and difficult or taxing entanglements are avoided, the report noted. And so, the meaningful life guides actions from the past through the present to the future, giving one a sense of direction. It offers ways to value good and bad alike, and gives us justifications for our aspirations. From achieving our goals to regarding ourselves in a positive light, a life of meaningfulness is considerably different than mere happiness. "People have strong inner desires that shape their lives with purpose and focus – qualities that ultimately make for a uniquely human experience," said Aaker.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Happiness comes from having stuff only if you think about happiness like that. Happiness actually comes from not being stressed and trying to be with your family.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      People think that happiness comes from having phones,toys,etc.but thats the problem,Thanks to other peoples blogs and myths people think that the only way to be happy is from having stuff,and from having the "Happiness stuff" comes being "Buried alive".
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Being happy is not about having stuff,its about being with your family,Happiness is the best thing that can happen to anybody.Happiness is kind of the meaning of life,it gives us a meaning of what to do and when to do it.Happiness gives us a path to life,happiness is when you are with your family,happiness helps us understand that we can do better than what we already do.Happiness as you know doesn't come from having stuff,
    • morales5853
       
      no
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Happiness is also known as a goal of life.It represents us as who we are. Happiness shows on our face.It makes other people see our pride sometimes other people feel our pride so much that they show their pride,and the happiness influence goes and goes until at some point it stops.nI clearly think that if it wasn't for happiness,pride and making our goals (Not soccer goals) we would still be cavemen and cavewomen because without them we would be terrible we would feel stupid we would feel so dum that not even Benjamin Franklin would've created the light because he probably would've felt stupid. So thats why being happy is important because without happiness we wouldn't have accomplished anything.And look at us now we already went to the moon we made a tv we made a telephone and now we have iphones.it all happened thanks to our 1 and greatest feeling:Happiness.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Sometimes people feel sad and depressed so they go to the mall and go buy clothes and other items,then they claim to be relaxed and happy but Jennifer Aaker proved that its not true.In fact she proved that there are lots of ways to be happy but only 1 way is the most true hearted : Social work and also being with your family.But you cant be happy by just standing besides your family,you would have to be social with them.
  • A Stanford research project explored the key differences between lives of happiness and meaningfulness. While the two are similar, dramatic differences exist – and one should not underestimate the power of meaningfulness. "The quest for meaning is a key part of what makes us human," the researchers concluded.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      A Stanford research project explored the key differences between lives of happiness and meaningfulness. While the two are similar, dramatic differences exist - and one should not underestimate the power of meaningfulness. "The quest for meaning is a key part of what makes us human," the researchers concluded. BY CLIFTON B. PARKER Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker studies happiness and meaningfulness in life. While lives of meaningfulness and happiness overlap, they are distinctly different, according to Stanford research. But not everybody understands that happiness comes from within not from having or buying stuff. 50% of the world population (Not counting the babies) thinks that the more stuff they got or get the happier they'll be!But of course that we the "smart" population think otherwise. Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker has studied her whole life everything about happiness and she taught us that happiness comes from within happiness comes from smiling everyday from being social with friends or family.Happiness doesn't come from having stuff not at all!! Happiness is the greatest gift of all,happiness isnt just a feeling,happiness is a friendly shadow that follows you everywhere only if you let it.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      The Stanford research project of Jennifer Aaker explains how to get happiness and why it is important.But now I realize that not everybody understands that happiness comes from within not from having or buying stuff. 50% of the world population (Not counting the babies) thinks that the more stuff they got or get the happier they'll be!But of course that we the "smart" population think otherwise. Social psychologist Jennifer Aaker has studied her whole life everything about happiness and she taught us that happiness comes from within happiness comes from smiling everyday from being social with friends or family.Happiness doesn't come from having stuff not at all!! Happiness is the greatest gift of all,happiness isn't just a feeling,happiness is a friendly shadow that follows you everywhere only if you let it.When I say that happiness is a shadow following you only if you let it its because this days happiness is a complete shadow.Not everybody is happy and someday we might never feel happiness ever again,But while I get off topic you should think : "Wow,I should listen to her.I should be grateful for what I already have, instead of getting more stuff." Because the more you think about it the more you understand that happiness is our path to life.that happiness is our friend happiness is our heart that keeps us alive.Thats why we smile thats why we cry thats why we love laugh and live. Without happiness we would be grumpier than the grumpiest cat.We should think more about being grateful than thinking of what to buy to be happy.
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    A bit boring but i hope its helpful!
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    A bit boring but i hope its helpful!
Nany Rocha

Gender Focus | The History of Pink for Girls and Blue for Boys - 1 views

  • But did you know that pink hasn’t always been a colour for girls, or blue for boys? In Michael Kimmel’s outstanding Manhood in America: A Cultural History, he points out that clothing wasn’t colour-coded in America until the early twentieth century, before which little boys and girls were dressed pretty much identically. Even when people started pushing for more gender-specific children’s clothing, there was a huge debate over which colour to assign to which gender. It started out with boys wearing pink or red because the colours were seen to indicate strength, while girls wore blue because they were “flighty” like the sky. From a 1918 editorial called “Pink or Blue” cited by Kimmel:
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Michael Kimmel pointed out that color coding wasn't used in the vintage america.In fact little boys and little girls used to dress up the same way.But then people wanted to make little kids use specific colored clothes.It started with boys wearing pink or red stuff because the colors where supposed to symbolize strength,while girls used blue because it was soft and dainty (Delicate).
  • So basically the colours changed based on which colour was seen to denote the strength of boys and delicacy of girls, but the idea that those traits are inborn and inalienable did not. It’s not just clothes: walk through the girls’ section of any Toys R Us and you’ll see shelf after shelf of pink, pink, pink. While little girls enjoy some leeway to play with blue toys, many boys get mocked if they want to play with pink “girls’ toys” and sometimes their parents and relatives start panicking that they might even grow up to be (gasp) gay. The fact that parents worry about the sexuality of their kids at all is crazy enough in itself, but that’s for another time. Back to colour-coding.
  • If you think boys and girls just forget about coding gender based on colour once they hit puberty, you’d be wrong. Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio made headlines when he started forcing male inmates to wear pink underwear to humiliate them. He says it’s a deterrent to reoffending because inmates don’t want to come back and be forced to wear pink again. How screwed up is it that we’ve given a colour so much meaning in less than 100 years that it would make grown male criminals tremble just to think about wearing it?
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  • his is about more than policing convicts, it’s about policing the boundaries of masculinity and reinforcing homophobia. Kimmel states: “Homophobia is more than the irrational fear of homosexuals…[it] is the fear of other men – that other men will unmask us, emasculate us, reveal to us and the world that we do not measure up, are not real men.” The pink and blue shoe keychains might not seem like a big deal, and indeed most people don’t think twice about them. But imagine how much harder it could be for some trans and intersex people to negotiate a restroom ritual like this. Gender-neutral washrooms are a big step towards fixing this issue, but so is realizing that blue-pink colour coding is just the tip of the iceberg of things we use to arbitrarily divide “masculine” from “feminine”.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Gender stereotypes are something that might not seem important,but actually it is a bit important because it kind of symbolizes what a girl or boy will or would use as clothes or other things.I really think that all this stereotypes are dum because it actually doesn't make sense.
Nany Rocha

Stereotypes Examples - Examples Of Stereotypes - 0 views

  • Whenever we don't have a good understanding of a subject, say, of people or countries, then we tend to make assumptions about them. Stereotype is nothing but those assumptions that have become common knowledge. Whenever you make judgments about people without knowing them, you are stereotyping them. Stereotyping makes people generalize things. More often, they are all false assumptions. Though there are both positive and negative stereotypes, a majority of them are offensive. People generally stereotype out of bias against a particular group of people or religion. Stereotyping becomes a way of conveying their dislike. Of course, stereotyping stems from a commonly held view of a particular group or race. This view may arise from an incident or false assumption, and then maybe used to color the entire community with the same brush. There are various types of stereotypes. However, the most common ones are racial stereotypes and gender stereotypes. Race, nationality, gender and sexual orientation are the main factors of stereotyping. Stereotyping must be avoided at all costs, as it leads to treating groups as a single entity. Given below are examples of stereotypes that people commonly use.
  • Examples Of Stereotypes Negative Stereotypes All blond women are dumb. All red heads are sluts. Christians are homophobic. They are blinded by God and will recruit you if you go near them. All politicians are philanders and think only of personal gain and benefit. If I wear Goth clothing I'm a part of a rock band, depressed, or do drugs. Girls are only concerned about physical appearance. Guys are messy and unclean. Men who spend too much time on the computer or read are geeks. Men who are not into sports are termed as gay. All librarians are women who are old, wear glasses, tie a high bun, and have a perpetual frown on their face. Girls are not good at sports. All teenagers are rebels. All children don't enjoy healthy food. Only anorexic women can become models. Women who smoke and drink do not have morals. Men who like pink are effeminate.
  • Positive Stereotypes All Blacks are great basketball players. All Asians are geniuses. All Indians are deeply spiritual. All Latinos dance well. All Whites are successful. Asians have high IQs. They are smarter than most in Math and Science. These people are more likely to succeed in school. African Americans can dance. All Canadians are exceptionally polite. French are romantic. All Asians know kung fu. All African American men are well endowed. Italians are good lovers
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  • types Women Women always smell good. Women take forever to do anything. Women are more brilliant than men. Women are always moody. Women try to work out problems while men take immediate action. All women like the color pink. All women like dolls. Women become cheerleaders. Women take 2 hours to shower. Women hog the bathroom. Women love mirrors. Women like make-up. Women are fussy about their hair. Women work in department stores. Women like fashion magazines. Women are discrete about intimacy. Women do not drive well. Women never take chances. Women always talk too much on the phone. Women actually use only 5% of what's in their purse. Everything else is junk. Only women can be nurses.
  • Men Only men can be doctors. Men are stronger and more aggressive. Men are better at sports. Men hate reading. Men always have an "I don't care" attitude. Men don't get grossed out by scrapes and bruises. Men are tough. Men are thickheaded. Men like cars. Men become jocks in high school. Men take 2 seconds to shower. Men like hats. Men could care less if they become bald. Men wear whatever is clean. Men usually work in messy places. Men like car or porn magazines. Men brag about intimacy. Men take too many chances. Men always lose all arguments against girls. Every race, culture, country, religion and a community has a stereotype. It is a way of oversimplifying groups of people. It is one of the easiest ways of establishing identity. By conforming to a fixed or conventional image, the identity can be recognized and understood. And, herein lies the problem. It's hard to be objective if one doesn't reject stereotypes. So, it is better not to use any stereotype and pass judgments only when you are familiar with others.
  • Every race, culture, country, religion and a community has a stereotype.
  • Every race, culture, country, religion and a community has a stereotype.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      Every region and race has a stereotype.It is a way of sometimes insulting but also simplifying.But is actually better to not talk or show someone stereotypes because it could be a judgment and you could hurt others if you really know them. 
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    It describes what kinds of stereotypes there is
Nany Rocha

Why We're So Materialistic, Even Though It Doesn't Make Us Happy - 0 views

  • We tend to equate buying things with positive emotions. Subsequently, we think that purchasing new stuff makes us happy. It's a pretty clear correlation. In a study published in Neuron, researchers looked at what's going on in the brain when we think about buying stuff. When a product image flashed before people's eyes, an area of the brain called the nucleus accumbens lit up when a subject liked what they saw. Essentially, the brain's pleasure center kicks into gear and floods the brain with dopamine at the very thought of getting something we want. The weirdest thing about this is that just thinking about buying something is pretty much the same as actually buying it.
    • Nany Rocha
       
      We want to buy things,we make our brain think : "the more I buy things the happier I will be,LETS BUY MORE STUFF!"
  • "Thinking about acquisition provides momentary happiness boosts to materialistic people, and because they tend to think about acquisition a lot, such thoughts have the potential to provide frequent mood boosts," Richins wrote, "but the positive emotions associated with acquisition are short-lived. Although materialists still experience positive emotions after making a purchase, these emotions are less intense than before they actually acquire a product."
  • It's probably no surprise to most of us, but study after study shows that buying stuff doesn't make us happy. More importantly, we're actually unhappy when we put too much value on material objects.The big problem here isn't just that we're a little bummed out when someone else has more stuff than we do. It's that when we put a lot of emphasis on materialistic value, we're prone to depression, personality disorders, and more. One study from
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    • Nany Rocha
       
      buying stuff is supposed to make us happy but we are so materialistic and it doesn't make sense we trick our brain into thinking that the more we buy the happier well be but I now understand that happiness comes from having stuff because we trick our brain to it.
Diego Hinojosa

Uranus -- Britannica School - 0 views

  • Uranus is the third largest planet in the solar system, after Jupiter and Saturn. Uranus is about four times bigger than Earth. Its diameter at the equator is about 31,763 miles (51,118 kilometers), as measured at the level of the atmosphere where the pressure is the same as at sea level on Earth. The planet is slightly larger than Neptune, but Neptune is about 1.2 times more massive. Uranus’ density is quite low—only about 1.3 times that of water, compared with 1.6 for Neptune and 5.5 for rocky Earth.
    • Diego Hinojosa
       
      Uranus is the third biggest planet on the whole solar system it is four times bigger than earth and it has a ver massive atmosphere
    • Diego Hinojosa
       
      Uranus is one of the 3 other planets that is the biggest on the whole solar system.It has a very harsh atmosphere.And it has very little water.
Diego Hinojosa

Neptune -- Britannica School - 0 views

  • The planet that Voyager uncovered is a stormy, windswept world with a vivid blue hue. Its highly active atmosphere is surprising, since it receives so little sunlight to power its weather systems. Like the other giant outer planets, Neptune has no solid surface. It also has a system of rings and more than a dozen moons.
    • Diego Hinojosa
       
      Neptune is a planet that has a lot of blue. It's atmosphere and also surface is not solid. It also has rings and like 12 moons.
  • Neptune is the smallest of the four giant outer planets. The diameter at its equator is about 30,775 miles (49,528 kilometers), as measured at a level of the atmosphere where the pressure is 1 bar (the pressure at sea level on Earth). This makes it slightly smaller than Uranus but nearly four times as big as Earth. Neptune’s mass is about 1.2 times greater than Uranus’, however, and more than 17 times greater than Earth’s. It is the third most massive planet in the solar system, after Jupiter and Saturn. Like the other outer planets, Neptune has a low density—only about 1.6 times the density of water. However, it is the densest of the four, being roughly 25 percent denser than Uranus.
    • Diego Hinojosa
       
      Neptune is also the smallest planet of the biggest four. The atmosphere of neptune is really thick.Neptune is the most hard planet in other words solid planet and it is four times bigger than the earth.
jaime5789

Dinosaur Evolution - 0 views

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    Q & A about dinosaurs and their evolution 
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    Q & A about dinosaurs and their evolution 
lobo5879

Sleepwalking - 0 views

  • Hours after bedtime, do you find your little one wandering the hall looking dazed and confused? If you have a sleepwalking child, you're not alone. It can be unnerving to see, but sleepwalking is very common in kids and most sleepwalkers only do so occasionally and outgrow it by the teen years. Still, some simple steps can keep your young sleepwalker safe while traipsing about. Despite its name, sleepwalking (also called somnambulism) actually involves more than just walking. Sleepwalking behaviors can range from harmless (sitting up), to potentially dangerous (wandering outside), to just inappropriate (kids may even open a closet door and pee inside). No matter what kids do during sleepwalking episodes, though, it's unlikely that they'll remember ever having done it! As we sleep, our brains pass through five stages of sleep — stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Together, these stages make up a sleep cycle. One complete sleep cycle lasts about 90 to 100 minutes. So a person experiences about four or five sleep cycles during an average night's sleep. Sleepwalking most often occurs during the deeper sleep of stages 3 and 4. During these stages, it's more difficult to wake someone up, and when awakened, a person may feel groggy and disoriented for a few minutes. Kids tend to sleepwalk within an hour or two of falling asleep and may walk around for anywhere from a few seconds to 30 minutes.
    • lobo5879
       
      sleepwalking can be dangeros becacause you can go outside and do dangerous thing. sleepwalking happens when youre in stage 3 or 4 kids can sleep walk dor second to 30 minutes
trevino5824

Nightmares for Children, How to Help Kids with Nightmares - 0 views

  • oddlers may have nightmares about being separated from their parents; young children may have nightmares about getting lost, about death or other real dangers; and older children may have nightmares related to scary movies they've seen.
    • trevino5824
       
      Children who have separated dad and moms have especially nightmares
marino5856

The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus (1492-1493) - 0 views

  • On December 25, the Santa María ran aground and had to be abandoned. Columbus himself took over as captain of the Niña, as the Pinta had become separated from the other two ships. Negotiating with the local chieftain Guacanagari, Columbus arranged to leave 39 of his men behind in a small settlement, named La Navidad.
  • Leaving Cuba, Columbus made landfall on the Island of Hispaniola on December 5. The natives called it Haití, but Columbus renamed it La Española, a name which was later changed to Hispaniola when Latin texts were written about the discovery.
  • Second landfall: Cuba:
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  • First landfall: San Salvador:
  • The First Voyage of Christopher Columbus:
  • The land turned out to be a small island in the present-day Bahamas.
  • Columbus named the island San Salvador, although he remarked in his journal that the natives referred to it as Guanahani. There is some debate over which island was Columbus’ first stop; most experts believe it to be San Salvador, Samana Cay, Plana Cays or Grand Turk Island.
  • Pinta, first sighted land. Columbus himself later claimed that he had seen a sort of light or aura before Triana did, allowing him to keep the reward he had promised to give whomever spotted land first.
  • On October 12, Rodrigo de Triana, a sailor aboard the
marino5856

Earth's Rotation - 0 views

  • The earth rotates about an imaginary line that passes through the North and South Poles of the planet.  This line is called the axis of rotation.  Earth rotates about this axis once each day (approximately 24 hours).  Although you most likely already knew that fact, there is a slight complication most people are not aware of.
  • More specifically, our rotation period (the time elapsed for one rotation) with respect to the stars  is called a sidereal day.  A sidereal day is 24 sidereal hours, or 23 hours and 56 minutes on a normal clock.  Our clock time is based on the earth's rotation with respect to the sun from solar noon to solar noon.  This is a solar day, and it is divided into 24 hours.  Because Earth travels about 1 / 365 of the way around the sun during one day, there is a small difference between solar time and sidereal time.
    • marino5856
       
      The earth rotates with axis lines and  there is 24 lines thats why there are 24 hours in a day. The earth time is rotated into 24hours because the earth rotate 1/365 during one day.
touche5839

Sleep Terrors and Sleepwalking :: Nationwide Children's Hospital - 1 views

  • Sleepwalking and sleep terrors often run in families. Some things that can cause this are: Lack of sleep. This is the most common trigger for sleep terrors and sleepwalking. Illness Noisy or new environment Stress Some medicines
    • touche5839
       
      Sometimes sleepwalking happens when you need lots of sleep. If you have a sickness it may happen too. Some types of medicines can cause sleepwalking and when you are really stressed
  • Sleep terrors and sleepwalking are related disorders of sleep that usually go away by adolescence.
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  • The sleep terror or sleepwalking may last a few minutes to an hour.
  • With sleepwalking, the behavior seems purposeful. The child could be sitting up or getting out of bed, eating or dressing. A sleepwalker often has a blank expression and is difficult to awaken. Sleepwalking is more common in males and is often linked with bedwetting.  About 15% of children 5 to12 years of age walk in their sleep. As with sleep terrors they don’t remember sleepwalking or the behavior the next morning.
    • touche5839
       
      The sleepwalker can be going out of his bed, sometimes eating and even dress. It is really difficult to wake the sleepwalker. This happens more in boys than girls. When they wake up from their sleep they dont remember anything that happened while the sleepwalked, they dont even know they sleepwalked.
    • touche5839
       
      Sleepwalking is not really common in adults but may happen
    • touche5839
       
      The highest time someone can sleepwalk is about an hour
marino5856

Curious About Astronomy: Why is a day divided into 24 hours? - 0 views

  • December 2003 answer: It appears that the Egyptians were responsible for the 24 hour day. The Eqyptians were fond of counting in base twelve (instead of base 10 which is commonly used today). This is thought to be because they counted finger joints instead of fingers. Each of your fingers has three joints, so if you count by pointing to finger joints with your thumb you can count to twelve on each hand. This might seem arbitrary, but is actually just a strange as counting in base ten simply because we have ten digits.
    • marino5856
       
      The egyptians were the ones that were in charge of the 24 hours in a day because they had a system so they found  a counting base in twelve.
  • The Egyptians divided the clock into 12 hours of daytime and 12 hours of night-time (or alternatively 10 hours between sunrise and sunset, an hour for each twilight period and 12 hours of darkness). This is known because of various sundials from the period which have been found to be marked with hours. Interestingly this means that hours started out changing in length with the seasons (as the amount of daylight vs. darkness changes).
    • marino5856
       
      they divided the clock in 12 hours because 12 in the night and about 10 in the sunrise that it became 12hours so that it is equal.
    • marino5856
       
      The egyptians divided the clock into 12 hours. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 a.m and 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12 p.m so that all the p.m could see the stars and the a.m the sunrise. Like there are 12 a.m and 12 p.m so 12 plus 12 equals24 thats why we have 24 hours in a day.
trevino5824

Common Questions About Nightmares - International Association for the Study of Dreams - 0 views

    • trevino5824
       
      The dreamer who is dreaming bad things dream bad things and they feel anger guilty and depreesion
  • Nightmares tend to occur after several hours of sleep, screaming or moving about is very uncommon, the dream is
    • trevino5824
       
      The nightmares happen a lot it is very usual that you move a lot or scream in several hours 
  • usually elaborate and intense, and the dreamer realizes soon after wakening that he or she has had a dream.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • Children who have night terrors also may have a tendency to sleepwalk and/or urinate in bed.
    • trevino5824
       
      children who have bad nightmares sleepwalk a lot or urinate on your bed and when they hqave nightmares they stop and wake up sometimes
  • The causes of night terrors are not well understood. Children usually stop having them by puberty.
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