Due to the less mismatched lattice and stable chemical and physical properties, sapphire(Al2O3) wafer is the popular substrates for III-V nitrides, superconductor and magnetic epi-film. They are widely used in GaN and thin-film epitaxial growth, silicon on sapphire, LED market and optics industry.
Sapphire ingots are typically used as raw materials for further processing. These sapphire rods and sapphire ingots are uniformly shaped, usually as cylinders. The most sapphire crystal grows in A-axis, and the most widely used sapphire substrate in the LED market is its C-plane (0001). Therefore, it is necessary to drill the c-plane sapphire ingot from the side of the crystal.
What Are Tactiles?
What are tactiles indicators? Tactile ground indicators are used to help the blind and visually impaired people orient and remind some pending hazards or obstacles. Visually impaired people can detect TGSI tactiles through the luminous contrast of the surrounding ground substrates and the sensory detection of the sole. Many people are blind or visually impaired, and more people's visual efficiency is reduced. People over the age of 65 are the best fit for this category. With the continuous growth of the population over 65 years old, the number of visually impaired people will grow higher in the future.
Type of Tactile Directional Indicators:
TGSI consists of two types: warning TGSI and directional TGSI. The most common materials of TGSI include stainless steel, brass, plastic, ceramics, and concrete. Both directional and discrete TGSI are made in two different forms: discrete form (individual) and integrated form (cushion).