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he new Russian steel called Severkor for oil pipelines has been created by materials scientists at NUST MISIS in order to reduce the environmental risks of oil production and increase its efficiency due to increased corrosion resistance. A year ago, the first test pipe from the developed steel was installed at the Kokuysky oil and gas field in the Perm Krai territory in Russia. In the fall of 2019, Lukoil company has presented an expert opinion confirming Severkor's unique resistance to the aggressive environment of crude oil and salt solutions.

Basically - bacteria will find a way around, even silver nanoparticles. "The results are promising for being able to tune particle properties for a desired response, such as high efficacy while avoiding resistance."

Article talks about the general increase in anger/unhappiness in the country today. More people seem to be upset with the way things are going and letting it be known. A lot of it seems resistance to change or feeling of helplessness as things change to from what was once familiar.

"Formation of a surface layer, whether it is based on an oxide, carbonate, sulfate, or any other compound, is a major factor in corrosion resistance, particularly if the layer effectively isolates the metal substratum from the environment. Such a naturally formed coating must be diffusion- and moisture-resistant to be effective. Ordinary iron does not naturally form an effective barrier; its rust permits oxygen and moisture to penetrate and continue rusting. Thus, unless precautions are taken, such as applying a protective coating over the surface, failure will eventually occur."

3D printing technology, using heat-resistant metal alloys, is revolutionizing trial-and-error rocket development. Whole structures that would have previously required hundreds of distinct components can now be printed in a matter of days. The key to fast engine development is to reduce the number of parts, which reduces the time it takes to assemble the engine and the disruption caused by supply chain delays. The easiest way to do this is to change manufacturing processes. Space companies are now moving away from subtractive manufacturing processes-which remove material to shape a part-to additive manufacturing processes that build up a part by adding material to it bit by bit.

structural steel beams set in concrete allowed them to frame tall buildings that were more fire resistant and more structurally sound than cast iron. Since that time, steel (an alloy made by combining iron and carbon) has not only become the best building material for commercial construction but closely tied to economic health. In fact, many experts look to the steel industry as an indicator of how well the economy is doing [source: Pamuk]. Steel has a long history in the construction industry, but is it still the best material for building?" While no one alternative has become a standard to replace steel, materials like engineered timber and metal composites are becoming more common in new construction projects. "Timber companies tout wood as a durable, renewable resource, and engineered timber is gaining some traction as an alternative to steel. For example, the new arts and media building at Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology in New Zealand used engineered wood in place of typical steel and concrete construction, and the company that worked on that building says that it's taking on more and more contracts that would have gone to steel construction companies [source: Nelson Mail]."