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This is a chapter excerpt from a very popular book on Nano Biopesticides. "Today's global population has reached 7 billion, and is projected to reach 9.2 billion by 2050, an increase of 30% (70 million per annum). This explosive increase of the global population is expected to increase the demand for food production by 70%, notably due to changes in dietary habits in developing countries toward high-quality food." There is public demand for an alternative to chemical pesticides as well as the financial incentives "biological pesticides require 3-6 years and an investment of around $15-20 million for development and registration compared to synthetic pesticides, which require 10 years and $200 million for their development." The article is longer than many but a broad spectrum introduction to the technology.

We have all heard of citronella, commonly known to be a natural mosquito repellant. "Biopesticides are substances or mixtures of biological substances used to prevent, destroy, kill, control, or mitigate pests." This article is short but provides a valuable list of biopesticide plants that can be used as the basis for research.

Biological, non-toxic and able to create a "healthy" current in the body (think heartbeat.)

Kind of a general article on how nanotechnology will be used in the future in medicine. (H3)

How nanotechnology will allow hyper-sonic weapons and aircraft to fly at speeds where the intense heat generated from the friction melts the toughest steel.

New technology will provide better protection for soldiers in the battle field that is stronger than Kevlar or steel.

Article discusses application of nanotechnology by the US military to optimize health and detect disease but outlines some of the legal and ethical questions.

"Dozens of microchips scattered over the cortical surface might allow researchers to listen in on thousands of neurons at the same time." These microchips will work to record brain activity and may also "stimulate neurons...to to explore for treating brain disorders like epilepsy and Parkinson's or restoring brain function lost to injury" Currently this system is being tested on rats but there are still challenges to overcome such as how to get the chips across and in the human brain with the goal of being a less invasive alternative and how to organize and collect all the data that could be transmitted.

"It is estimated that worldwide plant disease caused 13%, insect 14% and weed 13% loss in food production and accounted for 2000 billion dollars economic loss per year" The initial response to this challenge has been the use of chemical pesticides, but those have historically caused environmental and health issues. This article does a nice job of summarizing the current state of nanopesticides, which hold the promise of being equally effective as the chemicals in use now while doing much less collateral damage. The article concludes with a punch list of the challenges that need to be overcome to make these nanopesticides easy to deploy and raise the confidence that they are safe.

Basically - bacteria will find a way around, even silver nanoparticles. "The results are promising for being able to tune particle properties for a desired response, such as high efficacy while avoiding resistance."

Another article about nanotechnology and plants--only the plants would be grown to be edible vaccines. Instead a shot in the arm, you could eat a salad.

The size of a dust mite, many we don't need be chipped, we will be injected.

I have been hearing about injectable robots the size of a dust mite that repair your cells but I can't remember where. Very interesting!

Scientists continue to invent advanced materials with highly specific properties that outperform existing materials and enable more innovative product designs.

They are undifferentiated cells capable of being anything. You might know them as stem cells and now a robot can take them up your nose into your brain. "Researchers have developed a stem cell-based microrobot called "cellbot" capable of delivering stem cells to the brain via intranasal passage using a minimally invasive method. The cellbot has the potential to become a key player in the treatment of neurological disorders such as brain cancer, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease."

Article talks about use of nanotechnology in growing crops with more nutrients (much of what we grow today doesn't have the nutrient value it once did) for healthier eating (H2)

Redefining robots. Scientists say they've witnessed a never-before-seen type of replication in organic robots created in the lab using frog cells. Among other things, the findings could have implications for regenerative medicine.

Indeed, the era of big data and data analytics has arrived and is already underway in many places (medicine, materials, and elsewhere).16-19 Schools of data science have emerged at many universities.20 Past knowledge and existing data allow us to use algorithms in order to attempt to recognize patterns identifying future corrosion performance. The hope is that these approaches are helpful for predicting not only corrosion performance but failures, too.4 Such approaches are logical as long as existing data cover a wide range of possibilities and there are no required extrapolations into sparsely populated data spaces.