Cholera - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views
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Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting.
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Transmission is primarily through consuming contaminated drinking water or food. The severity of the diarrhea and vomiting can lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Primary treatment is with oral rehydration solution and if these are not tolerated, intravenous fluids. Antibiotics are beneficial in those with severe disease.
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The primary symptoms of cholera are profuse painless diarrhea and vomiting of clear fluid.[1] These symptoms usually start suddenly, one to five days after ingestion of the bacteria.
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Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae, mainly serogroup O1.[3] Transmission is primarily due to the fecal contamination of food and water due to poor sanitation.[3] This bacterium can, however, live naturally in aquatic environments.[4]
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The source of the contamination is typically other cholera sufferers when their untreated diarrheal discharge is allowed to get into waterways or into groundwater or drinking water supplies. Drinking any infected water and eating any foods washed in the water, as well as shellfish living in the affected waterway, can cause a person to contract an infection. cholera is rarely spread directly from person to person.
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Although cholera may be life-threatening, prevention of the disease is normally straightforward if proper sanitation practices are followed.
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In most cases, cholera can be successfully treated with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), which is highly effective, safe, and simple to administer.
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As there frequently is initially acidosis, the potassium level may be normal, even though large losses have occurred.[1] As the dehydration is corrected, potassium levels may decrease rapidly, and thus need to be replaced.[1]
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Antibiotic treatments for one to three days shorten the course of the disease and reduce the severity of the symptoms.[1] People will recover without them, however, if sufficient hydration is maintained.