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nicolasb036 wcta

Haiti's cholera epidemic caused by weather, say scientists - SciDev.Net - 0 views

    • nicolasb036 wcta
       
      HaitiCholera
    • ROY wcta
       
      look at me
  • "Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium responsible for cholera, may have been dormant in water until weather-related conditions caused it to multiply enough to constitute an infective dose if ingested by humans," said David Sack, a cholera specialist at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States
iand427 wcta

Cholera - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The main symptoms are profuse watery diarrhea and vomiting.
  • Transmission is primarily through consuming contaminated drinking water or food. The severity of the diarrhea and vomiting can lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Primary treatment is with oral rehydration solution and if these are not tolerated, intravenous fluids. Antibiotics are beneficial in those with severe disease.
  • The primary symptoms of cholera are profuse painless diarrhea and vomiting of clear fluid.[1] These symptoms usually start suddenly, one to five days after ingestion of the bacteria.
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  • Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, mainly serogroup O1.[3] Transmission is primarily due to the fecal contamination of food and water due to poor sanitation.[3] This bacterium can, however, live naturally in aquatic environments.[4]
  • The source of the contamination is typically other cholera sufferers when their untreated diarrheal discharge is allowed to get into waterways or into groundwater or drinking water supplies. Drinking any infected water and eating any foods washed in the water, as well as shellfish living in the affected waterway, can cause a person to contract an infection. Cholera is rarely spread directly from person to person.
  • Although cholera may be life-threatening, prevention of the disease is normally straightforward if proper sanitation practices are followed.
  • In most cases, cholera can be successfully treated with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), which is highly effective, safe, and simple to administer.
  • As there frequently is initially acidosis, the potassium level may be normal, even though large losses have occurred.[1] As the dehydration is corrected, potassium levels may decrease rapidly, and thus need to be replaced.[1]
  • Antibiotic treatments for one to three days shorten the course of the disease and reduce the severity of the symptoms.[1] People will recover without them, however, if sufficient hydration is maintained.
nicolasb036 wcta

What's Causing the Cholera Epidemic in Haiti? We Are - Allyn Gaestel - International - ... - 0 views

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      HaitiCholera
  • Medically, cholera is easy to prevent and treat. But in Haiti, it is proving impossible to control. What Haiti needs to combat cholera is a functioning water and sewage system.
ravenm467 wcta

Morphine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - 0 views

  • It was discovered in 1804 by Friedrich Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more widely used after the invention of the hypodermic needle in 1857. It took its name from the Greek God of dreams Morpheus
  • Morphine is the most abundant alkaloid found in opium, the dried sap (latex) derived from shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods of the opium, or common or edible, poppy, Papaver somniferum. Morphine was the first active principle purified from a plant source and is one of at least 50 alkaloids of several different types present in opium, Poppy Straw Concentrate, and other poppy derivatives.
  • 8 to 17 per cent of the dry weight of opium
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  • Lower concentrations may be found in a handful of other species in the poppy family, as well as in some species of hops and mulberry trees. Morphine is produced most predominantly early in the life cycle of the plant. Past the optimum point for extraction, various processes in the plant produce codeine, thebaine, and in some cases low quantities of hydromorphone, dihydromorphine, dihydrocodeine, tetrahydrothebaine, and hydrocodone.
  • Morphine has a high potential for addiction; tolerance and psychological dependence develop rapidly, although physical addiction may take several months to develop.
  • Morphine was discovered as the first active alkaloid extracted from the opium poppy plant in December 1804 in Paderborn, Germany, by Friedrich Sertürner.[2]
  • Later it was found that morphine was more addictive than either alcohol or opium, and its extensive use during the American Civil War allegedly resulted in over 400,000[4] sufferers from the "soldier's disease" of morphine addiction.[
  • Diacetylmorphine (better known as heroin) was synthesized from morphine in 1874 and brought to market by Bayer in 1898. Heroin is approximately 1.5 to 2 times more potent than morphine on a milligram-for-milligram basis.
  • An ampoule of morphine with integral needle for immediate use. From WWII.
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common among intravenous drug users.
  • A large overdose can cause asphyxia and death by respiratory depression if the person does not receive medical attention immediately.[31] Treatments include administration of activated charcoal, intravenous fluids, laxatives and naloxone. The latter completely reverses morphine's effects, but precipitates immediate onset of withdrawal in opiate-addicted subjects. Multiple doses may be needed.[31]
  • 200 mg
  • sleepiness, and feelings of pleasure. They can be released in response to pain, strenuous exercise, orgasm, or excitement.
  • phenanthrene opioid receptor agonist
  • Chronic Opioid Analgesic Therapy (COAT)
  • Morphine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid with two additional ring closures.
  • C17H19NO3H2O
  • "body high",
  • Morphine is known on the street and elsewhere as M, Number 13 (13th letter of alphabet, cf. Number 8 for heroin, Number 3 for codeine or cocaine)
  • , glad stuff, happy stuff, happy powder, white nurse, Red Cross, first line, unkie, mojo, God's Own Medicine, Vitamin M, Emma. Emmy, Lady M, white lady, cube, cube juice, mo, morf, morph, morpho, Miss Emma, mofo, hard stuff, dry grog, white hop (more accurately used for pantopon-type drugs), white merchandise, uncle, Uncle Morphy, big M, Murphy, morphy, coby, cobics, gold dust, monkey dust, love dust (cf. "initiative" for cocaine; more commonly used for MDA or MDMA), needle candy (cf. nose candy for cocaine; heroin, Dilaudid, Numorphan and the like are also known as such) and others.
  •  
    Morphine Addiction
ravenm467 wcta

Morphine Addiction Help - Resources for Morphine Dependency - 1 views

  • Morphine is a powerful narcotic agent with strong analgesic action and other significant effects on the central nervous system. It is dangerously addicting. Morphine is a naturally occurring member of a large chemical class of compounds called alkaloids. Morphine is highly effective in relieving pain. It also inhibits the cough reflex, decreases the desire to eat, and causes constipation. Side effects include impairment of mental performance, euphoria, drowsiness, lethargy, and blurred vision.
  • Call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects: Shallow breathing Slow heartbeat Seizure (convulsions) Cold, clammy skin Confusion Severe weakness or dizziness Feeling light-headed, fainting Less serious side effects are more likely to occur, such as: Constipation Warmth, tingling, or redness under your skin Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain Diarrhea Loss of appetite Dizziness Headache Anxiety Memory problems Sleep problems (insomnia)
  • Prescription drugs can ease pain and aid in recovery
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  • , but they are also one of the most common roads to addiction around today.
  • hree Classes of Prescription Drugs Most Commonly Abused Opioids - which are used to treat pain (includes codeine, oxycodone and morphine) Central nervous system (CNS) depressants - used to treat sleep disorders and anxiety (includes barbiturates and benzodiazepines) Stimulants - used for narcolepsy, ADHD and obesity (includes dextroamphetamine and methylphenidate)
  • Extreme drowsiness Pinpoint pupils Confusion Cold and clammy skin Weak pulse Shallow breathing Fainting Breathing that stops
  • Just because morphine is a prescribed drug for pain relief does not mean this drug cannot become addictive.
  •  
    morphine addiction
iand427 wcta

Cholera in Haiti | CDC Travelers' Health - 0 views

  • An epidemic cholera strain has been confirmed in Haiti, causing the first cholera outbreak in Haiti in at least 100 years.
  • The majority of cases have been reported in the Artibonite Departmente, approximately 50 miles north of Port-au-Prince, although the outbreak has spread to all areas of the country. Affected hospitals are strained by the large number of people who are ill.
  • Most travelers are not at high risk for getting cholera, but people who are traveling to Haiti should still take their own supplies to help prevent the disease and to treat it. Items to pack include A prescription antibiotic to take in case of  diarrhea Water purification tablets* Oral rehydration salts*
tiaraa767 wcta

Cholera Symptoms, Treatment, Signs, Prevention, Vaccine, History and Causes on Medicine... - 0 views

  • Cholera is most likely to be found and spread in places with inadequate water treatment, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene
  • Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera
  • The disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another; therefore, casual contact with an infected person is not a risk for becoming ill.
tiaraa767 wcta

Cholera Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What are cholera symptoms and signs on MedicineNet - 0 views

  • Approximately one in 20 (5%) infected persons will have severe disease characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps.
  • What is the treatment for cholera?
  • Patients can be treated with oral rehydration solution, a prepackaged mixture of sugar and salts to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts. This solution is used throughout the world to treat diarrhea. Severe cases also require intravenous fluid replacement. With prompt rehydration, fewer than 1% of cholera patients die.
CORINNA wcta

Haiti Relief - 0 views

  • The New York Times does not certify the charities’ fund allocations or administrative costs. More information about giving, for this and other causes, is available online from the GuideStar database on nonprofit agencies and the BBB Wise Giving Alliance. The Better Business Bureau also offers a list of charities providing assistance in Haiti that meet its standards for accountability.
    • CORINNA wcta
       
      Corinna Florez period 7
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