This is the largest nationally representative study to date of the toll taken by sepsis and pneumonia, two conditions often caused by deadly microbes, including the antibiotic-resistant bacteria MRSA. Such infections can lead to longer hospital stays, serious complications and even death.
"In many cases, these conditions could have been avoided with better infection control in hospitals," said Ramanan Laxminarayan, Ph.D., principal investigator for Extending the Cure, a project examining antibiotic resistance based at the Washington, D.C. think-tank Resources for the Future.
"Infections that are acquired during the course of a hospital stay cost the United States a staggering amount in terms of lives lost and health care costs," he said. "Hospitals and other health care providers must act now to protect patients from this growing menace."
Laxminarayan and his colleagues analyzed 69 million discharge records from hospitals in 40 states and identified two conditions caused by health care-associated infections: sepsis, a potentially lethal systemic response to infection and pneumonia, an infection of the lungs and respiratory tract.
The researchers looked at infections that developed after hospitalization. They zeroed in on infections that are often preventable, like a serious bloodstream infection that occurs because of a lapse in sterile technique during surgery, and discovered that the cost of such infections can be quite high: For example, people who developed sepsis after surgery stayed in the hospital 11 days longer and the infections cost an extra $33,000 to treat per person.
Even worse, the team found that nearly 20 percent of people who developed sepsis after surgery died as a result of the infection. "That's the tragedy of such cases," said Anup Malani, a study co-author, investigator at Extending the Cure, and professor at the University of Chicago. "In some cases, relatively healthy people check into the hospital for routine surgery. They develop sepsis because of a lapse in infection control—and they can die."
The team also looked at pneumonia, an infection that can set in if a disease-causing microbe gets into the lungs—in some cases when a dirty ventilator tube is used. They found that people who developed pneumonia after surgery, which is also thought to be preventable, stayed in the hospital an extra 14 days. Such cases cost an extra $46,000 per person to treat. In 11 percent of the cases, the patient died as a result of the pneumonia infection.
Gajahmada Perkasa on 17 May 12Visit http://www.eciganywhere.tk Traditional smoking causes the impotence. You've already read on cigarette packets. But what does this information actually conveys? Tobacco and Erection Tobacco, harmful to the arteries of the heart and brain, is also to those of the penis. And yes, conventional smoking increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes and disorders of erection. But if the tobacco mouth penile arteries, it also has other harmful effects far less known. Female sexuality is also affected by smoking tobacco The first is to act on the arteries as sexual mutilation. If the penis of a traditional smoker is less well irrigated, or may even no longer be enough to get an erection, female sexual area also suffers from smoking tobacco. And that is because in the arteries sexual mutilation exists, similar to those of the sexual arteries of males. Thus, a conventional smoker's risk of sexual lubrication, witness his excitement, hang, like the erection may become blocked in humans smoking tobacco. And it gets worse. Conventional smoking has a virilizing effect. Female sex hormones are not in balance when the body is intoxicated by tobacco. This is also why the voice of women traditional smokers is serious, not because of irritation of the vocal cords, but increased male hormones which cause the a more low pitched voice. These effects on sexuality are reversible within days And then, if conventional smoking is dangerous in the long term, it is also very short term. Thus, a man who quits traditional smoking sees his erection improve significantly in two or three days! And a woman observes the same way and very quickly, better lubrication during vaginal sex. This improvement is not due to the fact that the arteries open in a few days. It's just that smoking tobacco causes a significant increase in the rate of carbon monoxide in the blood (CO) gas with a vasoconstrictor property. This gas contracts the arteries, narrowing the size, thus reduc
