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The Holocaust was the murder of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazis and their collaborators during World War II. Mass killings began in June 1941 with the shooting of Jewish civilians during the German invasion of the Soviet Union. At the end of 1941, the Germans began deporting Jews to killing centers in occupied Poland. By May 1945, about two out of every three Jews in Europe had been murdered.

The Jews of Lodz formed the second largest Jewish community in prewar Poland, after Warsaw.

About 160,000 Jews, more than a third of the city's population, were forced into a small area