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The histogram is one of my favorite basic chart types, because it lets you quickly see the shape and distribution of a dataset. However, a lot of people don't know what a histogram shows or how the chart works.

If you look at marathon times, you see most people run somewhere in the middle (4 hoursish), with a few under 3 hours (?!) and over 6 hours (very sensible). If you plot this data in a histogram, you can also see that there are spikes...people run just under 3, 3.5, 4, and 4.5 hours - you can see that people have a goal (of a nice round number) and the times are distributed accordingly.

Some fantastic visualisations in this piece from the Guardian, including a scatterplot and some different kinds of histograms! Well worth exploring. "The figures reveal men are paid more than women in 7,795 out of 10,016 companies and public bodies in Britain, based on the median hourly pay. Across the companies and organisations that had filed by 8am on Thursday, eight out of 10 had a gender pay gap. While the figures do not reflect equal pay for equal work, they do raise questions about structural inequalities in the workforce and may hold the answer to closing the gap."

A great visualisation of the income distribution (using a frequency distribution) to illustrate the change over time.