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Kay Bradley

HarpWeek: 13th Amendment - 0 views

13thamendment.harpweek.com/...ViewArticleText.asp

shared by Kay Bradley on 05 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • In the year 1833 the British Parliament passed an act eman- cipating the slaves in the British West India
  • In 1848 the revolutionary Government of France with a stroke of the pen freed all the slaves in the French West Indies: no compen- sation was granted to the owners, and the act took effect immediately.
  • lands, with compensation ($100,000,000) to the owners; the act was only to take effect in 1838.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • It would, however, be rash hence to infer, that immediate and unconditional emancipation works better than the gradual and conditioned abolition of slavery.
  • In studying these precedents it must be re- membered that the slaves in our Southern States are at least ten times as numerous as the slaves in either the British or the French colonies.
  • t is pretty well understood that President Lincoln agrees with Senator Doolittle in advo- cating colonization of the blacks
  • Those who have read “Sewell's Or- deal of Free Labor in the British West Indies,” will understand this prejudice. In Jamaica and Barbados the mulattoes are steadily gaining pow- er and influence, and the end can not be mis- taken. The white race must eventually go to the wall. To avoid this result, Mr. Lincoln, Mr. Doolittle, Mr. Blair, and those who agree with them, propose to colonize the negroes of our Southern States—to send them to Hayti, or Cen- tral America, or somewhere else.
  • To be effectual this remedy must be thorough. The entire four millions must be exported.
Kay Bradley

Rooted in Reconstruction: The First Wave of Black Congressmen | The Nation - 0 views

www.thenation.com/...n-first-wave-black-congressmen

shared by Kay Bradley on 02 Feb 11 - No Cached
  • Well over a century ago, during the turbulent era of Reconstruction, they were preceded by another three: Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce, both senators from Mississippi, and P.B.S. Pinchback, briefly the governor of Louisiana.
  • It also underscores how remarkable, if temporary, a transformation in American life was wrought by Reconstruction. Revels, Bruce and Pinchback were only the tip of a large iceberg--an estimated 2,000 black men served in some kind of elective office during that era.
  • For many decades, historians viewed Reconstruction as the lowest point in the American experience, a time of corruption and misgovernment presided over by unscrupulous carpetbaggers from the North, ignorant former slaves and traitorous scalawags (white Southerners who supported the new governments in the South). Mythologies about black officeholders formed a central pillar of this outlook. Their alleged incompetence and venality illustrated the larger "crime" of Reconstruction--placing power in the hands of a race incapable of participating in American democracy. D.W. Griffith's 1915 film Birth of a Nation included a scene in which South Carolina's black legislators downed alcohol and propped their bare feet on their desks while enacting laws. Claude Bowers, in The Tragic Era, a bestseller of the 1920s that did much to form popular consciousness about Reconstruction, offered a similar portrait. To Griffith and Bowers, the incapacity of black officials justified the violence of the Ku Klux Klan and the eventual disenfranchisement of Southern black voters.
  • ...54 more annotations...
  • Capitol Men
  • Dray's
  • It does not really offer an assessment of Reconstruction's successes and failings
  • Twelve years earlier, Smalls had piloted the Planter, on which he worked as a slave crewman, out of Charleston harbor and delivered it to the Union navy, a deed that made him a national hero. In 1864, while the ship was undergoing repairs in Philadelphia, a conductor evicted Smalls from a streetcar when he refused to give up his seat to a white passenger. Ninety years before a similar incident involving Rosa Parks sparked the Montgomery bus boycott, Smalls's ordeal inspired a movement of black and white reformers to persuade the Pennsylvania legislature to ban discrimination in public transportation.
  • Stephens offered a long argument based on states' rights as to why the bill was unconstitutional.
  • The subject of their exchange was a civil rights bill banning racial discrimination in places of public accommodation.
  • Elliott launched into a learned and impassioned address explaining why the recently enacted Fourteenth Amendment justified the measure (which was signed into law by President Grant the following year), then reminded Congress of an infamous speech Stephens had delivered on the eve of the Civil War: "It is scarcely twelve years since that gentleman shocked the civilized world by announcing the birth of a government which rested on human slavery as its cornerstone." Elliott already had proved that he refused to be intimidated by whites: in 1869 he whipped a white man in the streets of Columbia for writing inappropriate notes to his wife. A black man assaulting a white man in defense of his wife's good name was not a common occurrence in nineteenth-century South Carolina.
  • Robert Elliott
  • Many of the black Congressmen spoke of the abuse they suffered while traveling to the Capitol. Joseph Rainey
  • Robert Elliott was refused service at a restaurant in a railroad station
  • In the House, one Virginia Democrat announced that he was addressing only "the white men," the "gentlemen," not his black colleagues
  • Congressmen Dray profiles came from diverse origins and differed in their approach to public policies. Some had been free before the Civil War, others enslaved
  • Some favored government action to distribute land to former slaves; others insisted that in a market society the only way to acquire land was to purchase it. Some ran for office as representatives of their race, others as exemplars of the ideal that, with the end of slavery and the advent of legal equality, race no longer mattered. Reconstruction's black Congressmen did not see themselves simply as spokesmen for the black community
  • was one of the more conservative black leaders; yet in the Senate he spoke out for more humane treatment of Native Americans and opposed legislation banning immigration from China
  • Blanche Bruce
  • sixteen black members of Congress
  • had enjoyed opportunities and advantages unknown to most African-Americans
  • Revels
  • had been born free in North Carolina
  • Bruce
  • was the slave son of his owner and was educated by the same tutor who taught his white half-siblings.
  • Some Congressmen had enjoyed unique privileges as slaves.
  • enjamin Turner's
  • wner allowed him to learn to read and write and to run a hotel and livery stable in Selma
  • Others, however, had experienced slavery in all its brutality.
  • Jeremiah Haralson
  • John Hyman
  • None of these men fit the old stereotype of Reconstruction officials as ignorant, incompetent and corrupt.
  • All were literate, most were seasoned political organizers by the time of their election and nearly all were honest.
  • Governor Pinchback
  • ne who does fit the image of venality wa
  • of Louisiana, whose career combined staunch advocacy of civil rights with a sharp eye for opportunities to line his pockets
  • Pinchback grew up and attended school in Cincinnati. In the 1850s he worked as a cabin boy on an Ohio River steamboat. He fell in with a group of riverboat gamblers and learned their trade. He turned up in New Orleans in 1862 and expertly navigated the byzantine world of Louisiana's Reconstruction politics. Pinchback was undoubtedly corrupt (he accumulated a small fortune while in office) but also an accomplished politician.
  • Reconstruction ended in 1877, when President Rutherford B. Hayes abandoned the idea of federal intervention to protect the rights of black citizens in the South, essentially leaving their fate in the hands of local whites.
  • black political power, while substantially diminished, did not vanish until around 1900, when the Southern states disenfranchised black voters. Six more African-Americans served in Congress before the end of the nineteenth century. Some of their Reconstruction predecessors remained active in politics
  • Robert Smalls
  • of Planter fame, served as customs collector at Beaufort until 1913, when he was removed as part of a purge of blacks from the federal bureaucracy by Woodrow Wilson, the first Southern-born president since Reconstruction.
  • Pinchback and Bruce moved to Washington, where they became leaders of the city's black elite and arbiters of federal patronage appointments for African-Americans. Bruce worked tirelessly but unsuccessfully to persuade Congress to reimburse blacks who had deposited money in the Freedman's Savings Bank, which failed during the Panic of 1873. Like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in our own time, the bank was a private corporation chartered by Congress that enjoyed the implicit but not statutory backing of the federal government. Its counterparts today are being bailed out with billions of taxpayer dollars, as they have been deemed too big to fail. The Freedman's Savings Bank was too black to rescue.
  • George White
  • The last black Congressman of the post-Reconstruction era wa
  • of North Carolina, whose term ended in 1901. From then until 1929, when
  • Oscar DePriest
  • took his seat representing Chicago, Congress remained lily-white. Not until 1972, with
  • Andrew Young's
  • election in Georgia and
  • Barbara Jordan's
  • in Texas, did black representation resume from states that had experienced Reconstruction. Today the Congressional Black Caucus numbers forty-two members, seventeen of them from the states of the old Confederacy.
  • Robert Smalls
  • One such episode involves
  • who in 1874 was elected to Congress from Beaufort County, South Carolina.
  • Alexander Stephens
  • Equally riveting is the 1874 confrontation between
  • he former vice president of the Confederacy, then representing Georgia in the House of Representatives, and another black South Carolinian,
  • Robert Brown Elliott (1842-1884) was an African American member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina. Robert Brown Elliott's early life is a mystery. Although he claimed to have been born in Liverpool, England to West Indian immigrants, and to have graduated from Eton College, biographers have been unable to corroborate these facts. He moved to South Carolina in 1867 and established a law practice. Elliott helped organize the local Republican Party and served in the state constitutional convention. In 1868 he was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives. The next year he was appointed assistant adjutant-general; he was the first African American commanding general of the South Carolina National Guard. As part of his job, he helped form a state militia to fight the Ku Klux Klan. Elliott was elected as a Republican to the Forty-second and Forty-third United States Congress. He "delivered a celebrated speech" in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1875.[1] He resigned on November 1, 1874, to fight political corruption in South Carolina. He served again in the South Carolina House of Representatives, where he was elected as Speaker of the House. He ran unsuccessfully for South Carolina Attorney General in 1876. Reconstruction ended that year and he was forced out of office.[] He set up a private law practice in New Orleans.
  • Kay Bradley on 02 Feb 11
     
    "Rooted in Reconstruction: The First Wave of Black Congressmen Eric Foner"
Kay Bradley

Eugene H. Berwanger | Lincoln's Constitutional Dilemma: Emancipation and Black Suffrage... - 0 views

www.historycooperative.org/...berwanger.html

shared by Kay Bradley on 11 Jan 11 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 11 Jan 11
     
    What were Abraham Lincoln's feelings about slavery, emancipation, and civil equality for freed slaves? A corrective to some recent Wikipedia articles.
Kay Bradley

Appendix A. Political Parties in the United States, 1820-1860 - North Carolina Digital ... - 2 views

www.learnnc.org/...5421

shared by Kay Bradley on 06 Dec 10 - No Cached
  • Each “party system” is a roughly defined time period in which two major political parties, each with fairly consistent supporters and beliefs, dominated the political scene.
  • The second party system emerged from a split within the Democratic-Republican Party
  • Jackson’s followers formed the Democratic Party, while Clay’s formed the Whig Party
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Democrats gradually came to support many Whig policies, such as industrialization and railroads, draining Whig support. The issue of slavery and its expansion into the western territories territories finally split the Whigs in the early 1850s.
  • immigration
  • “third parties” were also active in this period
  • slavery
  • Some 80 percent of eligible voters turned out at the polls.
  • The second party system broke down in the 1850s over the issue of slavery
  • Kay Bradley on 06 Dec 10
     
    Great summary of the American Political party system in the antebellum era
Kay Bradley

YouTube - 2 Million Minutes: A Global Examination (13 Minute Cut) Part 1 - 0 views

www.youtube.com/watch

shared by Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10
     
    check this out! Pretty provocative documentary.
Kay Bradley

The Lewis and Clark Expedition - Google Earth Community - 0 views

bbs.keyhole.com/...ubbthreads.php

shared by Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10
     
    Here is a link to a forum "Google Earth Community" which has a link to the Lewis and Clark .kmz file.
Kay Bradley

FindLaw: U.S. Constitution: Article III - 0 views

caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/...article03

shared by Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10 - Cached
  • shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.
  • The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury
  • Kay Bradley on 17 Nov 10
     
    Judicial Branch
Kay Bradley

Liberty The American Revolution Episode 5 - 0 views

www.embedstock.com/...he-American-Revolution-Episode

Revolution Slavery

shared by Kay Bradley on 26 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 26 Oct 10
     
    EmbedStock - Free Stock Videos - This episode is about the war in the south, the paradox of Americans owning slaves while fighting for their freedom; British strategy of exploiting this paradox.
Kay Bradley

History of the United States in two minutes - 1 views

www.youtube.com/watch

shared by Kay Bradley on 26 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 26 Oct 10
     
    YouTube -
Kay Bradley

Questions about slavery F Block - 14 views

US History slavery
started by Kay Bradley on 08 Oct 10 no follow-up yet
  • Kay Bradley
    #1 Kay Bradley on 08 Oct 10
     
    Questions about slavery F Block

    1. How did slavery come to the English colonies in North America
    2. What were the differences and similarities between indentured servitude and slavery 1660s oncward?
    3. What were the differences between slavery in African, NoAm and the West Indies (Caribbean) 1700s-1800s
    4. Was American slavery an economic institution justified with racism or was purely racism that led to slavery?
    5. Did slavery dehumanize people in a way that hadn't happened before?
    6. why did the Spanish in Florida encourage American slaves to escape?
    7. Did the Dutch bring slavery to the mainland first?
    8. Did the distinction between the colonies that were pro slavery and those that were con develop early or shortly before the civil war?
    9. Was slavery more severe in the mainland colonies or in the West Indies or Africa? Why do we talk about American slavery more than we talk about slavery in the Caribbean or Africa?
    10. Were there Asian slaves in North America?
    11. Who determined who the slaves were in Africa/why did slavery start out there?
    12. What percent of slaves led a life like the whites described (image of happy slave as portrayed in Gone With The Wind, respected by the families who owned them).
    13. Why was escaping to the north better than escaping to the west?
    14. What demographic of people owned slaves?
    15. White people often justified slaveowning as a civilizing process; well, why didn't they go after other non Christians?
    16. How many slave owners actually agreed with the methods they themselves used on slaves. Did they have any moral qualms about what they were doing?
    17. What did the Quakers do (literally, what actions did they take) when they protested against slavery?
Kay Bradley

The Laws and Liberties of Massachusetts - 2 views

faculty.cua.edu/...MassachusettsLaws.htm

Blue Laws

shared by Kay Bradley on 08 Oct 10 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 08 Oct 10
     
    Wow! Check out how closely regulated the bakers were! (Command=F Baker will get you there)
Kay Bradley

Essential Questions about slavery: A list collaboratively generated by B Block October... - 18 views

US History slavery
started by Kay Bradley on 07 Oct 10 no follow-up yet
  • Kay Bradley
    #1 Kay Bradley on 07 Oct 10
     
    Essential Questions about slavery
    A list collaboratively generated by B Block 7 october, 2010

    Early Slavery: 1640s-1776
    1. Why wasn't there a major slave uprising?
    2. How were the slaves dehumanized by their owners?
    3. How did the slave owners speak with slaves if they didn't know English? How long did it take them to learn English?
    4. Did Europe use Africans for slavery like the Americans did?
    5. What were some of the initial reasons that slavery started?
    6. What country or who invented the first slave codes?
    7. How did Africa respond to the colonies taking slaves from their countries?
    8. How did warfare and existing slavery in Africa contribute to the rise of American slavery?
    9. What was the history of slavery in Africa?
    10. Why the shift from indentured servitude to African slavery?
    11. Was North American slavery qualitatively different from conditions of servitude, bondage, and human mistreatment of other humans that had existed in Europe for centuries? Why or why not?

    Slavery Develops: 1776-1808 and Slavery At Its Height: 1808-1865
    12. Were planters the only slave owners, or did people who didn't really need extra labor help also have slaves as personal servants?
    13. Did some slaves go back to Africa?
    14. How prevalent were slaves North of the Mason Dixon line?
    15. What's the history of the Mason Dixon line?
    16. On average, how many slaves died during the middle passage?
    17. What was the population of free blacks over time?
    18. Were children forced to do the same labor as adults?
    19. Were there gender division in labor?
    20. What did slaves do when they weren't working?
    21. On average how many slaves did the big plantation owners own during the height of slavery?
    22. What percentage of the population had slaves in the mid 1800s (=height of slavery)?
    23. How many Africans had been enslaved in total by the end of slavery in the US?
    24. Were there ever white slaves in the US?
    25. Were any of the slaves ever promoted to a higher position of authority over the others?

    After Slavery: 1865-current day
    26. What happened to former slaves after the slave system was abolished?
    27. After the abolition of slavery, did some slaves go back to Africa?
Kay Bradley

US History Tours Powered by Google Earth - 2 views

www.wwnorton.com/...historytours.aspx

US History technology

shared by Kay Bradley on 29 Sep 10 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 29 Sep 10
     
    Really fun! Contents: * Pre-Columbian Sites and Their Significance * The Revolutionary War * The Lewis & Clark Expedition * Indian Removal * The Path to Civil War * The Emergence of a National Park System * Conflicts in WWII: Pearl Harbor, Midway, D-Day, Stalingrad, Okinawa & Others * The Road to Civil Rights * Vietnam Conflicts: Dien bien Phu, Ia Drang, Khe Sanh, My Lai, Kent State & Others * The 20th Century Power Grid: From Hydro-Electric to Nuclear Power
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