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Matt Forster

United States Events 1992-Present - 14 views

What was the Abu Grahib scandal and how did it affect Bush's presidency? (Matt)

recent events 1990s 2000s

started by Kay Bradley on 06 Sep 11 1 follow-up, last by Matt Forster on 07 Sep 11
Christine Esserman

Gay Marriage Policies Across the United States - 3 views

http://www.stateline.org/live/ViewPage.action?siteNodeId=136&languageId=1&contentId=15576

Gay Marriage

started by Christine Esserman on 07 Sep 11 1 follow-up, last by Christine Esserman on 08 Sep 11
Kay Bradley

A Tipping Point for Gay Marriage? - NYTimes.com - 0 views

www.nytimes.com/...01gay.html

race racism gay marriage

shared by Kay Bradley on 01 May 11 - No Cached
  • Kay Bradley on 01 May 11
     
    The history of anti-miscegenation laws. . . predictiv? Parallel?
Kay Bradley

US History Films--Line 'em up on Netflix and have fun! - 6 views

U.S. History Films List: a collection of suggestions from other people-I have bold faced my top ten . . . The First List is from John Nesbit, of Phoenix, AZ. http://www.epinions.com/content_19656...

US History

started by Kay Bradley on 14 Feb 11 no follow-up yet
Kay Bradley

Freedmen's Bureau - Black History - HISTORY.com - 0 views

www.history.com/...print

shared by Kay Bradley on 13 Jan 16 - No Cached
  • March 3, 1865, two months before Confederate General Robert Lee (1807-70) surrendered t
  • Intended as a temporary agency to last the duration of the war and one year afterward
  • majority of its original employees were Civil War soldiers.
  • ...35 more annotations...
  • Did You Know? Howard University, a historically all-black school in Washington, D.C., was established in 1867 and named for Oliver Howard, one of its founders and the head of the Freedmen’s Bureau. He served as the university's president from 1869 to 1874.
  • There was no tradition of government responsibility for a huge refugee population and no bureaucracy to administer a large welfare, employment and land reform program
  • 4 million newly freed blacks
  • When Congress introduced a bill in February 1866 to extend the bureau’s tenure and give it new legal powers, Johnson vetoed the proposed legislation on the grounds that it interfered with states’ rights, gave preference to one group of citizens over another and would impose a huge financial burden on the federal government, among other issues.
  • as well as removing bureau employees he thought were too sympathetic to blacks
  • Johnson’s actions, which included pardoning many former Confederates and restoring their land,
  • there was disagreement over what type of assistance the government should provide and for how long.
  • covering the 11 former rebel states, the border states of Maryland, Kentucky and West Virginia and Washington, D.C. Each district was headed by an assistant commissioner.
  • achievements varied
  • the bureau was underfunded and understaffed,
  • Bureau agents, who acted essentially as social workers
  • were subjected to ridicule and violence
  • Ku Klux Klan) who viewed the agents as interfering in local affairs by trying to assist blacks
  • fed millions of people,
  • ust 900 agents at its peak.
  • built hospitals
  • medical aid,
  • negotiated labor contracts for ex-slaves
  • settled labor disputes.
  • helped former slaves legalize marriages
  • locate lost relatives
  • assisted black veterans.
  • building thousands of schools for blacks
  • found such colleges as Howard University in Washington, D.C
  • Fisk University in Nashville
  • Hampton University
  • the bureau tried, with little success, to promote land redistribution.
  • most of the confiscated or abandoned Confederate land was eventually restored to the original owners
  • dismantled the Freedmen’s Bureau
  • summer of 1872,
  • for a time
  • the Bureau’s physical presence in the South made palpable to many citizens the abstract principles of equal access to the law and free labor.”
  • the bureau’s efforts did signal the introduction of the federal government into issues of social welfare and labor relations
  • the bureau was not able to carry out all of its initiatives, and it failed to provide long-term protection for blacks or ensure any real measure of racial equality.
  • The U.S. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands
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