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Federal states around the globe seem to exist precariously, and politicians and academics everywhere look to Canada as a model of federalism. Yet our system of organization and governance is also under strain. Quebec nationalism, First Nations' claims, the regionalization of party politics, and the uneven and shifting delivery of essential services have all altered the face of federal politics. Federalism explains how Canada came to be a federation, what the current challenges to the federal system are, and how we could fortify it. Jennifer Smith argues that a reformed federalism could be part of the solution to the state of Canadian democracy. She examines the origins of Canadian federalism and its special characteristics, then analyzes these features against the democratic benchmarks of responsiveness, inclusiveness, and participation. Finding that Canadian federalism falls short in each area, Smith recommends changes ranging from virtual regionalism to a Council of the Federation that includes Aboriginal representatives. This revealing account of Canadian federalism is crucial reading for students and scholars of Canadian politics, politicians and policy makers, and those who care about the health of Canadian democracy.

When Thomas Jefferson took the oath of office for the presidency in 1801, America had just passed through twelve critical years, years dominated by some of the towering figures of our history and by the challenge of having to do everything for the first time. Washington, Hamilton, Madison, Adams, and Jefferson himself each had a share in shaping that remarkable era--an era that is brilliantly captured in The Age of Federalism. Written by esteemed historians Stanley Elkins and Eric McKitrick, The Age of Federalism gives us a reflective, deeply informed analytical survey of this extraordinary period. Ranging over the widest variety of concerns--political, cultural, economic, diplomatic, and military--the authors provide a sweeping historical account, keeping always in view not only the problems the new nation faced but also the particular individuals who tried to solve them. As they move through the Federalist era, they draw subtly perceptive character sketches not only of the great figures--Washington and Jefferson, Talleyrand and Napoleon Bonaparte--but also of lesser ones, such as George Hammond, Britain's frustrated minister to the United States, James McHenry, Adams's hapless Secretary of War, the pre-Chief Justice version of John Marshall, and others. They weave these lively profiles into an analysis of the central controversies of the day, turning such intricate issues as the public debt into fascinating depictions of opposing political strategies and contending economic philosophies. Each dispute bears in some way on the broader story of the emerging nation. The authors show, for instance, the consequences the fight over Hamilton's financial system had for the locating of the nation's permanent capital, and how it widened an ideological gulf between Hamilton and the Virginians, Madison and Jefferson, that became unbridgeable. The statesmen of the founding generation, the authors believe, did "a surprising number of things right." But Elkins and McKitrick also

Mechanisms of Growth Today, there are four primary mechanisms that have fueled the current growth pattern within our towns and neighborhoods. None of these are financially sustainable. 1. Transfer payments between governments. Nearly every city in America is reliant, to one degree or another, on intergovernmental subsidies to finance infrastructure. Whether the money comes through an established program, an earmark or a block grant, the result is the same: a land use pattern that does not reflect local economic realities. Local values and priorities are distorted when there is little pressure to generate a return on public infrastructure investments. The result: inefficient growth patterns that cannot be financially sustained. At the same time our infrastructure maintenance liabilities are ballooning, our federal and state legislatures are struggling to reconcile huge budget shortfalls. Even if it were good policy, the reality is that we do not have the ability to build Strong Towns with intergovernmental transfer payments as they are currently designed. 2. Demand-driven transportation spending. Transportation improvements today are made primarily to increase safety and reduce congestion. After two generations of trying to build our way out of congestion, we not only have massive maintenance liabilities but congestion is actually worse. An approach to transportation spending that pits federal and state priorities (transportation) against local priorities (land use) when we should be linking them is a recipe for waste and inefficiency. To add to this disconnect, federal transportation policy actually rewards states with additional funds for building additional roads, regardless of their efficiency. Political meddling, often in the form of earmarks, further distorts transportation spending by prioritizing improvements based on political clout, not overall return on the public investment.  3. Debt, both public and private. Where we once paid for infrastructure

For four decades, the Center for Urban Policy Research has served the nation with basic and applied research on a broad spectrum of public policy issues. CUPR, a component of the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, is nationally and internationally recognized for its research on affordable housing, land use policy, environmental impact analysis, state planning, public finance, land development practice, historic preservation, infrastructure assessment, development impact analysis, the costs of sprawl, transportation information systems, environmental impacts, and community economic development. As a full-time academic research institution, CUPR has developed a wide array of fiscal, environmental, transportation, and quality of life impact models that have been used in major public policy evaluations throughout the United States. Housed within the center is CUPR Press, one of the nation's premier publishers in the field of city and regional planning. (CUPR Press is now joined with Transaction Publishers.) Also housed there is R/ECON, a quarterly economic forecasting service for the state; the New Jersey Public Policy Research Institute (NJPPRI), a research center specializing in policy for and about the African-American community; and the Community Development Institute (CDI), a training institute for community development professionals. The Center's multidisciplinary faculty and staff have backgrounds in city and regional planning, economics, public administration, regional science, sociology, urban geography, computer programming, geographic information systems, and statistics. They have testified as expert witnesses before all branches of the federal government as well as state and local governments. Since its founding, the Center has completed more than $40 million in sponsored research for federal agencies, major private foundations, state and local government agencies in New Jersey, and a score of other states and private funders. Fede

The International Federation for Housing and Planning is a world-wide network of professional institutions and individuals of many signatures active in the broad fields of housing, urban development and planning. With a main focus on sustainable development, the Federation organises a wide range of activities and creates opportunities for the international exchange of knowledge and experience in these professional fields.

Due to request of delaying the submission by several authors, the deadline of "Cities, Technologies and Planning" (CTP 12) for submitting full paper has been extended to 28 February, 2012.  Due to request of delaying the submission by several authors, the deadline of "Cities, Technologies and Planning" (CTP 12) for submitting full paper has been extended to 28 February, 2012. "Cities, Technologies and Planning" CTP 12   http://www.unibas.it/utenti/murgante/ctp_12/descr.html in conjunction with The 2012 International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications (ICCSA 2012) June 18th  - June 20th, 2012 Federal University of Bahia , Salvador de Bahia, Brasil  http://www.iccsa.org/ Description 'Share' term has turned into a key issue of many successful initiatives in recent times. Following the advent of Web 2.0, such positive experiences based on mass collaboration generated "Wikinomics" have become "Socialnomics", where "Citizens are voluntary sensors". During the past decades, the main issue in GIS implementation has been the availability of sound spatial information. Nowadays, the wide diffusion of electronic devices providing geo-referenced information have resulted in the production of extensive spatial information datasets. This trend has led to "GIS wikification", where mass collaboration plays a key role in main components of spatial information frameworks (hardware, software, data, and people). Some authors (Goodchild, 2007) talk about "Volunteered Geographic Information" (VGI), as the harnessing of tools to create, assemble, and disseminate geographic information provided by individuals voluntarily creating their own contents by marking the locations of occurred events or by labeling certain existing features. not already been shown on map. The term "neogeography" is often adopted to describe people activities when using and creating their own maps, geo-tagging pictures,

International perspectives on road pricing: report of the Committee for the International Symposium on Road Pricing, November 19-22, 2003, Key Biscayne, Florida National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board, United States. Federal Highway Administration, Florida. Dept. of Transportation, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 0 Resenhas Transportation Research Board, 2005 - 98 páginas TRB Conference Proceedings 34: International Perspectives on Road Pricing is the proceedings of the International Symposium on Road Pricing held on November 19-22, 2003, in Key Biscayne, Florida. The event was a collaborative effort of TRB, the Florida Department of Transportation, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the federal Highway Administration. The report includes two commissioned resource papers that examine the evolution of congestion pricing and the state of the practice in road pricing outside the United States. The proceedings also explore pricing successes and the challenges that have accompanied specific projects' implementation, as well as the potential evolution of road pricing in the future.

This paper describes the work of an alliance formed by three civic organizations in Mumbai to address poverty - the NGO SPARC, the National Slum Dwellers Federation and Mahila Milan, a cooperative representing women's savings groups. It highlights key features of their work which include: putting the knowledge and capacity of the poor and the savings groups that they form at the core of all their work (with NGOs in a supporting role); keeping politically neutral and negotiating with whoever is in power; driving change through setting precedents (for example, a community-designed and managed toilet, a house design developed collectively by the urban poor that they can build far cheaper than public or private agencies) and using these to negotiate support and changed policies (a strategy that develops new "legal" solutions on the poor's own terms); a horizontal structure as the Alliance is underpinned by, accountable to and serves thousands of small savings groups formed mostly by poor women; community-to-community exchange visits that root innovation and learning in what urban poor groups do; and urban poor groups undertaking surveys and censuses to produce their own data about "slums" (which official policies lack and need) to help build partnerships with official agencies in ways that strengthen and support their own organizations. The paper notes that these are features shared with urban poor federations and alliances in other countries and it describes the international community exchanges and other links between them. These groups are internationalizing themselves, creating networks of globalization from below. Individually and collectively, they seek to demonstrate to governments (local, regional, national) and international agencies that urban poor groups are more capable than they in poverty reduction, and they also provide these agencies with strong community-based partners through which to do so. They are, or can be, instruments of deep democrac

Decades of diminishing federal leadership and support for affordable housing policy have opened up a gap in public response to housing needs. Filling this gap is critical if the long-held goal of decent (and affordable) housing for every American is to be honored and communities are to thrive. This article investigates state governments in an era of federal retreat by examining the factors associated with innovations in housing policy in California and New Jersey, two reputed leaders in state housing policy. We collected data through interviews with key informants, as well as from meetings, reports, public documents, agency records, and other secondary sources. Our analysis indicates that state innovations in housing policy are influenced by bureaucratic (internal) factors, such as funding and agency structure, and by environmental (external) factors, such as local autonomy and interest group activity. We conclude with the policy and research implications of our finding

Publications 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 2010 Gregory Spencer, Tara Vinodrai, Meric Gertler, and David Wolfe, "Do Clusters Make a Difference: Defining and Assessing their Economic Performance", Regional Studies, 44:6 (July, 2010): 697-715. David A. Wolfe, "The Strategic Management of Core Cities: Path Dependency and Economic Adjustment in Resilient Regions", special issue of the Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 3:1 (March, 2010): 139-52. 2009 David A. Wolfe, "21st Century Cities in Canada: The Geography of Innovation," the 2009 CIBC Scholar-in-Residence Lecture, (Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada, 2009). David A. Wolfe, "Universities and Knowledge Transfer: Powering Local Economic and Cluster Development," in G. Bruce Doern and Christopher Stoney, eds, Research and Innovation Policy: Changing Federal Government-University Relations, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009): 265-287. David A. Wolfe, "Social Dynamics of Innovation and Civic Engagement in City Regions," special issue on Social Innovation and Territorial Development, Canadian Journal of Regional Science 32:1 (Spring, 2009): 59-72. David A. Wolfe, "The Waterloo ICT Cluster," in Clusters, Innovation and Entrepreneurship: International Comparisons, eds Jonathan Potter and Gabriela Miranda (Paris: OECD, 2009): 193-216. David Arthurs, Erin Cassidy, Charles Davis and David A. Wolfe, "Indicators to Support Innovation Cluster Policy," International Journal of Technology Management 45:3/4 (2009): 263-279. David A. Wolfe, "Introduction: Embedded Clusters in a Global Economy," European Planning Studies, 17:2 (Feb. 2009): 179-87. Matthew Lucas, Anita Sands and David A. Wolfe, "Regional Clusters in a Global Industry: ICT Clusters in Canada," European Planning Studies 17:2 (February 2009): 189-209. John N. H. Britton, Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay, Richard Smith, "Contrasts in Cluster

The Metropolitan Moment Cities, Metropolitan Recovery and Spending Priorities, Technology and Development, U.S. Economy Bruce Katz and Jennifer Bradley, Brookings Institution Press 2012 c. 160pp. The United States must remake its economy if it is to achieve sustainable prosperity in a world that continues to transform at a dizzying pace. Americans must move from an economy driven by domestic consumption, debt, and financial engineering to one that is driven by exports, powered by cleaner energy, fueled by innovation, and rich in opportunity. Movement toward such an economy, in the view of Bruce Katz and Jennifer Bradley, must be led by metropolitan areas. The Metropolitan Moment details the importance of specific attributes to America's next economy, with a chapter devoted to each. For example, as wealth increases in nations such as China, India, and Brazil, greater U.S. emphasis on exports would capitalize on rising global demand. Aggressive investment in, and movement toward, a low-carbon economy will present new opportunities for the energy sector and the industries that feed it, as well as improving the health and quality of life for residents. Greater innovation in other areas as well must be pursued, supported, and sustained if we hope to see real growth in the long term. Taken together, these developments will help increase economic opportunity for all, reversing the long trend of increased inequality that can dispirit and even destabilize a society. The final section explores the unfortunate disjunction between the economic power of metropolitan areas and their legal powerlessness. Despite their obvious importance, they technically do not even exist in state law. Katz and Bradley explain how states can help build the foundation of the new economy, and a big part of that is adequately supporting their metropolitan economic engines. They also explain the federal government's role in this transformation-what it can do to help, and what it should not

Linguistics professor George Lakoff at the Free Speech Movement Café. (BAP photos) Framing the issues: UC Berkeley professor George Lakoff tells how conservatives use language to dominate politics By Bonnie Azab Powell, NewsCenter | 27 October 2003 BERKELEY - With Republicans controlling the Senate, the House, and the White House and enjoying a large margin of victory for California Governor-elect Arnold Schwarzenegger, it's clear that the Democratic Party is in crisis. George Lakoff, a UC Berkeley professor of linguistics and cognitive science, thinks he knows why. Conservatives have spent decades defining their ideas, carefully choosing the language with which to present them, and building an infrastructure to communicate them, says Lakoff. The work has paid off: by dictating the terms of national debate, conservatives have put progressives firmly on the defensive. George Lakoff dissects "war on terror" and other conservative catchphrases Read the August 26, 2004, follow-up interview In 2000 Lakoff and seven other faculty members from Berkeley and UC Davis joined together to found the Rockridge Institute, one of the few progressive think tanks in existence in the U.S. The institute offers its expertise and research on a nonpartisan basis to help progressives understand how best to get their messages across. The Richard & Rhoda Goldman Distinguished Professor in the College of Letters & Science, Lakoff is the author of "Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think," first published in 1997 and reissued in 2002, as well as several other books on how language affects our lives. He is taking a sabbatical this year to write three books - none about politics - and to work on several Rockridge Institute research projects. In a long conversation over coffee at the Free Speech Movement Café, he told the NewsCenter's Bonnie Azab Powell why the Democrats "just don't get it," why Schwarzenegger won the recall election, and why conservatives will continue t

Taylor & Francis FNAC Livraria Cultura Livraria Nobel Livraria Saraiva Submarino   Encontrar livrarias locais Todos os vendedores » Minha biblioteca Meu histórico Google eBookstore Governance and planning of mega-city regions: an international comparative perspective Jiang Xu, Anthony G. O. Yeh 0 Resenhas Taylor & Francis, 17/09/2010 - 272 páginas Neoliberalism's market revolution has had a tremendous effect on contemporary mega-city regions. The negative consequences of market-oriented politics for territorial growth have been recognized. While a lot of attention has been given to how planners and policy makers are fighting back political fragmentation through innovative governance and planning, little has been done to reveal such practices through an international comparative perspective. Governance and Planning of Mega-City Regionsprovides a comparative treatment and examination of how new approaches in governance and planning are reshaping mega-city regions around the world. The contributors highlight how European mega-city regions are evolving and how strategic intervention is being redefined to enable the integration of urban qualities in a multi-level governance environment; how traditional federal countries in North America and Australia see the promise of major policies and development initiatives finally moving ahead to herald a more strategic intervention at national and regional scales; and how transitional economies in China witness the rise of state strategies to control the articulation of scales and to reassert the functional importance of state in a growing diffused power context. This book offers case studies written from a variety of theoretical and political perspectives by world leading scholars. It will appeal to upper level undergraduates, postgraduates, researchers, and policymakers interested in urban and regional planning, geography, sociology, public administrations and development studies.

What Is a City? Rethinking the Urban after Hurricane Katrina Edited by Phil Steinberg and Rob Shields Cutting-edge thinking on contemporary urban spaces Reviews "Steinberg and Shields have assembled a sparkling collection of theoretically provocative and conceptually innovative essays. These not only expose the distinctive social, spatial and cultural characteristics of pre- and post-Katrina New Orleans which, with delayed federal intervention, turned the hurricane's assault into a 'racially differentiated disaster,' but extend their comments into a critique of contemporary urban theory. Addressing such wide-ranging topics as automobility, the significance of memory, creole urbanism, and New Orleans mythology, this original and interdisciplinary collection will appeal to all urbanists, whether scholars, students, or practitioners, and also to those with interests in disaster relief and climate change." -Anthony D. King, Emeritus Professor of Art History and of Sociology, State University of New York at Binghamton "What Is a City? offers sensitive and nuanced explorations of the urban approached through themes of nature, mobility, community, and memory. The contributors present a thorough, insightful, and revealing portrait of one city's experience at a pivotal moment in its historical trajectory. This is a technically adept, keenly observed, and emotionally gripping work, standing at the cutting edge of urban analysis, interpretive method, and geographic conceptualization." -Robert W. Lake, author of Locational Conflict More / Hide Description The devastation brought upon New Orleans by Hurricane Katrina and the subsequent levee system failure has forced urban theorists to revisit the fundamental question of urban geography and planning: What is a city? Is it a place of memory embedded in architecture, a location in regional and global networks, or an arena wherein communities form and reproduce themselves? Planners, architects, policymakers, and geogra

Seventh International Conference on "Geographical Analysis, Urban Modeling, Spatial Statistics" GEOG-AN-MOD 12 in conjunction with The 2012 International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications (ICCSA 2012) June 18th  - June 20th, 2012 Federal University of Bahia, Salvador de Bahia, Brazil    Workshop Description Submission Authors Guideline Proceedings Important Dates Organising Committee Programme Committee Useful Links Further information Programme GEOG-AN-MOD 08 GEOG-AN-MOD 09 GEOG-AN-MOD 10 GEOG-AN-MOD 11 Presentations of previous GEOG-AN-MOD Pictures of previous GEOG-AN-MOD Videos of GEOG-AN-MOD 10 ICCSA conference site Follow us Workshop Description During the past decades the main problem in geographical analysis was the lack of spatial data availability. Nowadays the wide diffusion of electronic devices containing geo-referenced information generates a great production of spatial data. Volunteered geographic information activities (e.g. Wikimapia, OpenStreetMap), public initiatives (e.g. Spatial Data Infrastructures, Geo-portals) and private projects (e.g. Google Earth, Microsoft Virtual Earth, etc.) produced an overabundance of spatial data, which, in many cases, does not help the efficiency of decision processes. The increase of geographical data availability has not been fully coupled by an increase of knowledge to support spatial decisions. The inclusion of spatial simulation techniques in recent GIS software favoured the diffusion of these methods, but in several cases led to the mechanism based on which buttons have to pressed without having geography or processes in mind. Spatial modelling, analytical techniques and geographical analyses are therefore required in order to analyse data and to facilitate the decision process at all levels, with a clear identification of the geographical information needed and reference scale to adopt. Old geographical issues can find an answer thanks to new methods and instruments, wh

First International Workshop on "Econometrics and Multidimensional evaluation in Urban Environment" EMEUE 12 in conjunction with The 2012 International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications (ICCSA 2012) June 18th  - June 20th, 2012 Federal University of Bahia, Salvador de Bahia, Brazil   Submission papers should be submitted at:  http://www.iccsa.org/ WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION IMPORTANT DATES SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE ORGANISING COMMITTEE Call for papers Many urban policies emphasize the role of evaluation, as support of plans and programs, and in the same time, demand a better measure of economic dimension in planning. The new economic evaluation consider as well the ecological measure in the light of sustainability of development. The general focus of the session is therefore the evolution of evaluation methods in plans and programs, in the way is possible for methods to across web-communication-technologies. In someway, on one side we look at recalling to the memory the increase of econometric modeling of the early seventies and eighties, this time in the light of a new way to intend the relationship between urban geography and spatial statistics, on the other side we look at a new role of communication technologies to improve the multidimensional evaluation, by using the web as way to spread information, and democratize the assessment in multi actor processes. In that part of the scientific world that use soft econometric modeling Multicriterial/multigroup analyses can be "done on the web"; on the other side, in the other part of the world, that use robust data management, we need to overcome the traditional geo-statistical models that support econometrics withdrawing data and validating metadata. Maybe these two part of the world need to be linked. Multidimensional approaches in the field of urban economics, from the econometric approach to qualitative evaluation; new analytical and empirical approaches, hard, soft, fuzzy multicriteria a

[URBGEOG] CALL FOR PAPERS: Networked Regions and cities in times of fragmentation, 13-16 May 2012, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands Entrada X   Responder a todos Cristina Comunian Cristina.Comunian@regionalstudies.org para URBGEOG mostrar detalhes 10:13 (3 horas atrás) Regional Studies Association International Conference 2012 13 - 16 May 2012 - Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands Networked regions and cities in times of fragmentation: Developing smart, sustainable and inclusive places Call for papers Extended deadline for abstract submission: 20th February 2012 (early bird rates are also extended to the 20th February, after this date the full rate will apply)   http://www.regionalstudies.org/events/2012/May-Delft/    "…..Regions and cities are increasingly interdependent; economically, socially and environmentally. They are becoming more reliant on interregional flows of trade, labour and resources. Patterns of interactions between regions are experiencing rapid changes as a result of dramatic shifts in production and consumption patterns, advances in communication technologies and the development of transport infrastructure(…) The governance of regions faces multi-level, multi-actor and multi-sectoral challenges. New spatial interactions at new scales demand new approaches for consultation and coordination. More flexible forms of governance are emerging, working around traditional governmental arrangements. The result is a complex pattern of overlapping governance and fuzzy boundaries(…)"   The 2012 RSA conference in Delft provides a timely opportunity for participants to come together and reflect on the various strengths, weaknesses, challenges and opportunities of networked cities and regions within these different contexts of fragmentation.   Gateway Themes A. EU Regional policy and practice B. Climate change, energy and sustainability

THE BUELL HYPOTHESIS The Buell Hypothesis, at its most basic, argues as follows: Change the dream and you change the city. The private house and the city or suburb in which it is situated share a common destiny. Hence, if you change the narratives guiding suburban housing (such as that of the American Dream) and the priorities they imply-including spatial arrangements, ownership patterns, the balance between public and private interests, and the mixtures of activities and services that any town or city entails-then you begin the process of redirecting suburban sprawl. Reinhold Martin and his colleagues at Columbia University's Temple Hoyne Buell Center for the Study of American Architecture presented this hypothesis to the Foreclosed design teams in the form of a "screenplay" that treats the American Dream metaphorically, as a film with a familiar plot, characters, and setting. The five American suburbs identified by The Buell Hypothesis as study sites-located in different regions, but all along existing or proposed high-speed rail routes-were selected through a process called multi-criteria decision analysis. Based on data from February 2009, the date of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (the so-called federal stimulus package), the analysis considered a wide range of quantitative and qualitative factors, including foreclosure rates, poverty rates, population trends, average commute times, amounts of publicly held land, and other relevant criteria. Each selected suburb exhibits particular needs and potentials in relation to the wider economic crisis.

Irracionalidades urbanas e requalificação de áreas centrais Clovis Ultramari, Letícia Gadens, Denis Alcides Rezende Resumo Este artigo anuncia a discussão das chamadas irracionalidades urbanas contemporâneas por meio de um cenário composto por: (1) uma baixa aplicabilidade do interesse social da propriedade defendido, entre outros, pelo Estatuto da Cidade, e, (2) uma degradação, com o decorrente abandono e subutilização das áreas centrais das cidades. Ambas as irracionalidades, a despeito de serem recorrentemente discutidas e criticadas na literatura científica, permanecem ostensivas no cenário urbano nacional. Este artigo posiciona os dois fenômenos em um contexto aparentemente único de irracionalidades urbanas, prioriza o debate sobre o segundo, discutindo a implementação de projetos de requalificação de áreas centrais. Fica para um trabalho futuro o aprofundamento do outro fenômeno de referência, com discussão mais apropriada após a implementação de um conjunto maior de Planos Diretores e, que vem ocorrendo em atendimento à lei federal. Priorizam-se aqui os aspectos básicos que têm envolvido a justificativa e a elaboração de projetos para áreas centrais, seus riscos e potenciais. A fonte de informações utilizada é secundária e primária e, em vários momentos, os autores fazem referência ao caso da cidade de Curitiba e São Paulo Texto Completo: PDF

Urban Sprawl Thomas J. Nechyba and Randall P. Walsh Article Citation Nechyba, Thomas J., and Randall P. Walsh 2004. "Urban Sprawl." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(4): 177-200. DOI:10.1257/0895330042632681 Abstract This paper examines the role that insurance has played in dealing with terrorism before and after September 11, 2001, by focusing on the distinctive challenges associated with terrorism as a catastrophic risk. The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (TRIA) was passed by the U.S. Congress in November 2002, establishing a national terrorism insurance program that provides up to $100 billion commercial coverage with a specific but temporary risk-sharing arrangement between the federal government and insurers. TRIA's three-year term ends December 31, 2005, so Congress soon has to determine whether it should be renewed, whether an alternative terrorism insurance program should be substituted for it, or whether insurance coverage is left solely in the hands of the private sector. As input into this process, the paper examines several alternatives and scenarios, and discusses their potential to create a sustainable terrorism insurance program in the Unites States.