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leankid

The Zulu kingdom and the colony of Natal | South African History Online - 1 views

www.sahistory.org.za/...zulu-kingdom-and-colony-natal

Vusi Mukanse

shared by leankid on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • 1870s settler and colonial determination to bring Blacks under firm political control had undermined the hard-won security that many African societies had achieved
  • These societies attempted to resist the extension of colonial control over them, one of which was the Zulu kingdom
  • This policy was set to bring the various British colonies, Boer republics and independent African groups under common control- with a view to implementing a policy of economic developmen
  • ...13 more annotations...
  • The right or Number I Column, commanded by Colonel C.K. Pearson, was to cross the lower Tugela River and advance towards Ulundi by way of Eshowe. The centre or main force, the Number III Column, advanced from Pietermaritzburg via Greytown to Helpmekaar, under the leadership of Lord Chelmsford himself. From Helpmekaar the centre force was to enter Zululand at Rorke's Drift and move eastwards to the royal kraal. The left or Number IV Column, commanded by Brevet Col Sir H. Evelyn Wood, concentrated at Utrecht with the object of reaching Ulundi from the north-west. In addition, two minor forces guarded the borders. The first of these forces was the Number II Column at Krantzkop, under Brevet Col A.W. Durnford to prevent the Zulus crossing the Tugela. The second was the Number V Column at Luneberg to safeguard the Transvaal, which had been annexed by the British in 1877.
  • The first attack of the war took place on 12 January 1879, when the position of Sihayo's kraal, situated in the Batshe valley, threatened the successful advancement of the British column
  • he Natal Native Contingent showed reluctance to face the Zulus, some of whom were armed with rifles
  • the Zulus retreated, with 30 dead, 4 wounded and 10 captured.
  • he Zulu steadily advanced in the horn formation, their centre, or chest, pitted against Puileine's left flank. They suffered huge losses as the British concentrated fire on the chest, and the attack was temporarily stalled. The Zulu’s left horn outflanked Durnford's infantry and descended onto the British camp from behind. Realising he was surrounded, Pulleine tried to retreat in order to save the endangered camp
  • The situation was worsened further by several natural disasters between 1894 and 1897.
  • Early in 1883 Cetshwayo was reinstalled as king
  • A pre-emptive strike by the uSuthu against Zibhebhu failed
  • Matters worsened for the uSuthu when Cetshwayo died in late 1883- as the balance of power in Zululand had now shifted decisively to the Imperial administration, and its supporters in Zululand
  • Cetshwayo's son, Dinuzulu, entered into a treaty with the Transvaal. In military terms, the alliance proved successful and Zibhebhu's army was forced out of the loyalists' territory. But this agreement came at a huge cost. In return for their assistance, the Boers were promised vast tracts of territory on Zululand's western margin, which they called The New Republic, with its 'capital' at Vryheid.
  • After eighteen years, settler interests had prevailed in the land of the Zulu, and the plans Shepstone initially envisaged for the kingdom could be put into place
  • The war itself had not destroyed the kingdom, but subsequent events served to divide the Zulu and undermine their economic and social cohesion. Taking a leaf out of Shepstone’s 'native policy', Sir Garnet Wolseley, the new British commander in Natal, divided the kingdom into thirteen territories under appointed chiefs. They were meant to represent the chiefly lineages of pre-Shakan times, which was a shaky argument at best, especially since one of them was John Dunn who had joined the British when hostilities began. Others had either been outrightly opposed to Cetshwayo or had shown little loyalty to him during the war. The chiefs’ allegiance was to those who had appointed them, and Britain thus effectively began to administer indirect rule over Zululand. Melmoth Osborn, who enthusiastically supported Shepstone's views, was appointed as British Resident in Zululand
  • Already under stress from the imposition of the hut tax, many more Zulu men were forced into the Witwatersrand labour market to make ends meet and pay taxes
sammycebekhulu03

newspaper article on anglo zulu war.pdf - 0 views

shared by sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • sammycebekhulu03 on 26 Apr 23
     
    Newspaper articles about the Anglo-Zulu War, which took place in 1879, varied depending on the publication and country of origin. British newspapers generally supported the British Empire's involvement in the conflict and portrayed the Zulu people as savage and uncivilized. The British press often praised British military leaders, such as Lord Chelmsford, and criticized any setbacks they encountered during the war. Zulu newspapers, such as Ilanga Lase Natal, reported on the war from a Zulu perspective and emphasized the bravery and tactics of the Zulu warriors. They portrayed the British as invaders and colonizers who were encroaching on Zulu land. International newspapers, such as The New York Times, reported on the conflict objectively and provided updates on the progress of the war. Some newspapers criticized British imperialism and questioned the morality of the war. Overall, newspaper articles about the Anglo-Zulu War were influenced by political and cultural biases and reflected the perspectives of the publications and their readerships.
phomeleloselala5

LeBlanc: Military handguns of the 1800s - 1 views

www.yourconroenews.com/...guns-of-the-1800s-17534405.php

PM Selala 221079320 History2A

shared by phomeleloselala5 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • LeBlanc: Military handguns of the 1800sLarry J LeBlanc, Courier Outdoors WriterOct. 26, 2022Updated: Oct. 26, 2022 9:50 a.m. Facebook Twitter Email Comments This 1851 Colt Navy with powder, balls and percussion caps was the state of the art of it's day.Larry J. LeBlanc
cindybotha

WO 32/7707: Overseas: South Africa (Code 0(AU)): Zulu War: Declaration of War against Z... - 1 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Dineo Botha

shared by cindybotha on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • cindybotha on 26 Apr 23
     
    This manuscript depicts a document declaring war on the Zulu people because, on January 11, after a complete term, the king was unable to comply with the British government's requests.
unathi444

775-2063-1-SM.pdf - 1 views

Unathi Fini 219069111

shared by unathi444 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • educational contribution of the missionaries in South Africa is to a greater or lesser degree usually described in one or both of the following ways. E ither
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      the missionaries also acted as a form of education for the African peoplee.
  • state that the missionaries through their educational work contributed to the present capitalist-labour class distinctions in present day South African economical and social structures, such a view does
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      the effects of the missionary work can still be felt in the political and social structure of the country of South Africa.
  • devastating for the Bantu tribes and individuals who fell victim to these influences. The Boers were practically all Christians, and together with the efforts of the missionaries the Bantu people were Christianized by them. Because of the disruption of their traditi
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      African people lost their own sense of religion and followed the European religion.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • n theological circles the reaction to rationalism was two-fold: on the one hand theologians reacted to this philosophy in which human reason ruled supreme as the only and central principle by reiterating the value of human dignity and especially
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      the religion acted as a way to introduce new concepts of the meaning of life.
b_k_mposula

Origins of the Zulu Kingdom.pdf - 1 views

shared by b_k_mposula on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The Nguni people of southern Africa remember the emergence of Shaka's Zulu kingdom between 1816 and 1828, the most dramatic episode in the formation of the
  • lu kingdom. "As his conquests continued," Omer-Cooper remarks, "Shaka constructed a new type of state. Its primary purpose was to main tain an efficient fighting force completely loyal to its lea
  • the Zulu state possessed a military sophistication that earned the respectability of Europeans who would normally view African societies with disdain
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • any standard accounts of Zulu state formation focus on the dramatic outbreak and course of the Shakan wars and the military innovations that ensured its expansionary success. A popular theme in this regard is the role of Dingiswayo, chief of the Mthethwa from c.17
  • h the Zulu was one of the least significant of the chiefdoms absorbed during the course of Mthethwa expansion, its status changed markedly when Shaka usurped the Zulu chieftainship from his brother in 1816. One year after Dingiswayo's death Shaka's army defeated Zwide's, and Zulu expansionism proceeded apace. By the time of his assassination in 1828, Shaka had forged a kingdom bounded on the north by the Phongolo river, on the south by the Thukela and in the west by the Drakensberg. He evidently succeeded as a state-builder by perfecting Dingiswayo's military innovations: replacement of the long throwing spear with the short stabbing assegai; use of the winged battle formation; creation of female age-regiments; and establishment of a hierarchy of civil and political officials subordinate to the king.
  • h the work of anthropologist Max Gluckman. Gluckman considers the conflict which gave rise to the Zulu kingdom as the resolution of a crisis precipitated by an expanding population in the narrow coastal belt of southeastern Africa
nompilomkhize

slavery in ethiopia - Google Search - 1 views

www.google.com/search

Nompilo Mkhize 222027454

shared by nompilomkhize on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/01/ethiopian-emperors-and-slavery/
    • nompilomkhize
      nompilomkhize on 26 Apr 23
       
      This blog summarises how one would become a slave in Ethiopia, that if one would commit a crime they could be punished by being temporarily enslaved, or when one was failing to settle their debts they would also be enslaved or if you were born or married by a slave you could also be enslaved. It also discusses that some of the government officials in Ethiopia who denied Ethiopia's involvement in slavery also had slaves in their residence to do domestic work.
  • https://blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/01/ethiopian-emperors-and-slavery/
  • cinderellaochu on 07 May 23
     
    This post displayed a Google search page and not a blog.
leankid

Zulu Kingdom - Wikipedia - 0 views

en.wikipedia.org/...Zulu_Kingdom

Vusi Mukanse

shared by leankid on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The Zulu Kingdom (, Zulu: KwaZulu), sometimes referred to as the Zulu Empire or the Kingdom of Zululand, was a monarchy in Southern Africa. During the 1810s, Shaka established a modern standing army that consolidated rival clans and built a large following which ruled a wide expanse of Southern Africa that extended along the coast of the Indian Ocean from the Tugela River in the south to the Pongola River in the north. A bitter civil war in the mid-19th century erupted w
  • When Senzangakona died, Dingiswayo helped Shaka become king of the Zulu.
  • Shaka's clan at first numbered no more than a few thousands, but eventually grew in size to 40,000 after absorbing neighbouring clans. His military reforms included new battle techniques, training and tough discipline, as well as the replacement of long-throwing spears in exchange for the more effective short stabbing spears
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • Following the campaign against Dingane, in 1839 the Voortrekkers, under Pretorius, formed the Boer republic of Natalia, south of the Tugela, and west of the British settlement of Port Natal (now Durban). Mpande and Pretorius maintained peaceful relations. However, in 1842, war broke out between the British and the Boers, resulting in the British annexation of Natalia. Mphande shifted his allegiance to the British, and remained on good terms with them. In 1843, Mphande ordered a purge of perceived dissidents within his kingdom. This resulted in numerous deaths, and the fleeing of thousands of refugees into neighbouring areas (including the British-controlled Natal). Many of these refugees fled with cattle. Mpande began raiding the surrounding areas, culminating in the
  • Shaka was succeeded by Dingane, his half-brother, who conspired with Mhlangana, another half-brother, and Mbopa, an induna, to murder him in 1828. Following this assassination, Dingane murdered Mhlangana, and took over the thr
  • The Zulu deployment at Isandhlwana showed the well-organized tactical system that had made the Zulu kingdom successful for many decades. This constituted the worst defeat the British army had ever suffered at the hands of a native African fighting force. The defeat prompted a redirection of the war ef
  • Cetshwayo was captured a month after his defeat, and then exiled to Cape Town. The British passed rule of the Zulu kingdom onto 13 "kinglets", each with his own subkingdom. Conflict soon erupted between these subkingdoms, and in 1882, Cetshwayo was allowed to visit England. He had audiences with Queen Victoria and other famous personages before being allowed to return to Zululand to be reinstated as king
  • In 1883, Cetshwayo was put in place as king over a buffer reserve territory, much reduced from his original kingdom.
  • Dinuzulu's son Solomon kaDinuzulu was never recognised by South African authorities as the Zulu king, only as a local chief, but he was increasingly regarded as king by chiefs, by political intellectuals such as John Langalibalele Dube and by ordinary Zulu people. In 1923, Solomon founded the organisation Inkatha YaKwaZulu to promote his royal claims, which became moribund and then was revived in the 1970s by Mangosuthu Buthelezi, chief minister of the KwaZulu bantustan. In December 1951, Solomon's son Cyprian Bhekuzulu kaSolomon was officially recognised as the Paramount Chief of the Zulu people, but real power over ordinary Zulu people lay with South African go
unathi444

southern africa.pdf - 1 views

unathi fini 219069111

shared by unathi444 on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • thank God, from the corrupting influence of what is called " European civilization " (a word to conjure with
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      for centuries Africans have always been perceived as less civilized than the Europeans.
  • From Cape Town the faith moved eastwar
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      the Europeans encouraged themselves to spread their religion in other parts of the country ,converting more Africans into Christians.
  • ut out of South Africa. Van Riebeek landed in the
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • At his death in 1908 there were 33 priests in his vicariate, 153 religious, 19 churches, and 20 e
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      in the early 20th century we witness just how many churches were formed ,which makes us realise just how much the Europens worked hard to spread their missionaries and churches.
  • Mahon, who in 1860 built the first church in Oudtshoorn, three hundred miles from Cape Town (now the centre of a separate Prefec
    • unathi444
      unathi444 on 26 Apr 23
       
      the Europeans had the financial resources to be able to establish their churches in the 19th century.
b_k_mposula

WO 32/7707: Overseas: South Africa (Code 0(AU)): Zulu War: Declaration of War against Z... - 1 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Briana Kelly Mposula 222086604

shared by b_k_mposula on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • b_k_mposula on 26 Apr 23
     
    This Primary source is based on the war between the different zulu tribes
nmapumulo

Trade and Transformation: Participation in the Ivory Trade in Late 19th-Century East an... - 2 views

shared by nmapumulo on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ivory trade about trade and its effects on Africa arose out of my thesis on the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. Led by Henry M. Stanley, this expedition crossed Africa, Canadian
    • nmapumulo
      nmapumulo on 26 Apr 23
       
      Ivory trade caused distress in many countries.
  • ivory trade about trade and its effects on Africa arose out of my thesis on the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. Led by Henry M. Stanley, this expedition crossed Africa, Canadian
cindybotha

The Zulu Army in the War of 1879: Some Cautionary Notes.pdf - 1 views

Dineo Botha

shared by cindybotha on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • In January 1879 British troops and colonial forces invaded the Zulu Kingdom,
    • cindybotha
      cindybotha on 26 Apr 23
       
      The Anglo Zulu war
  • skirmishes
  • cindybotha on 26 Apr 23
     
    This source goes into further detail on the British army's invasion of the Zulu kingdom and the events leading up to the Zulu War.
nmapumulo

Ivory.pdf - 1 views

Nobuhle Mapumulo222111421

shared by nmapumulo on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • JUNE
  • f h e a p p r e h e n s i o n t h a t i v o r y w o u l d h e c o m e o n e o f t h e p I O ­ d u c t s o f t h e p a s t , a s w e h a v e o f t e n h e a r d o u r c u t l e r y a n d b i l l i a r d b a l l m a n u f a c t u r e r s m a i n t a i
    • nmapumulo
      nmapumulo on 26 Apr 23
       
      Rhinoceros horns were imported in 1874, they valued a lot.
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