TWO AFRICAN EXPLORERS I DAVID LIVINGSTONE
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CAB 37/40/45 Memorandum Respecting Steps Taken for the Abolition of the Slave Trade and... - 2 views
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This source illustrates steps taken for the abolishment of the slave trade and slavery in the East Africa. The event that took place is TREATY among rulers of Zanzibar and Museet for the slave trade. The Treaty they signed was to transport slave from one place to another not in legal way.
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Two African Explorers: I--David Livingstone.pdf - 2 views
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I will focus on David Livingstone's third Expedition ( journey) which can be found at the near end of the document.
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THE THIRD JOUR
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The last expedition of Dr David Livingstone starting from 1866 ending at 1873 with his death in a village of Chitambo.
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Zambez
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The longest East- flowing river in Africa and the largest following into the Indian ocean from Africa.
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By April he was at Mikindani ready to start on his third and last African journey,
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menagerie
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which terminated in his death in May, I87
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From my understanding of the statement, David Livingstone it was during his third expedition that he may have contracted the flesh eating ulcers under his feet which enabled him from walking and may have led to his death in 1873.
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Bomba
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Bomba
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Livingstone's lack of discipline and the general " go as you please" nature of his last expedition shows that his former power of handling Natives had deserted him with his rapidly failing health. He was a sick man, unable to cope with the strenuous demands of travelling in equatorial Afnca under the conditions then prevailing. From here onwards his progress was slow and tedious, and space allows a summary only of the particulars of his route.
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due to the illness that he has contracted and some of the geographical difficulties that they encountered in their quest in central Africa, David Livingstone along with many of his missionary members ended up losing motivation and patience to continue the journey, thus, many of his missionary members concluded with forsaking David Livingstone, to that they ended up lying that David Livingstone had been killed by the Zulus.
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tsets
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these are large , biting fleas that inhabit much of tropical Africa and include all the species included in the Genus Glossina.
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the particulars of his route. Nyas
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lake Nyasa present-day lake Malawi is in Tanzania and Lagos Niassa in Mozambique.
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and journeying rapidly back to the Coast informed the acting Consul General at Zanzibar that he had been murdered by Zulus, and that they had barely escaped with their lives
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the comoro boys used propaganda in order to protect themselves, thus leading to the spread of lies that eventually was proven false thus, sending Stanley to search for Dr David Livingsrone who by this time was already getting weaker as each day passed by never lost hope of finding the source of the Nile thus, resulting to him making assumptions that he may have seen the upper Nile source.
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plodding
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which he finally sighted on April ISt, and here temporarily broke down, being too ill with fever to move, falling down in fits of insensibility and sometimes suffering from temporary paralysis of the limbs,
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Could be said to be start of the ending of his life as an Africa explorer due to the illness. which forced him to quarantine for 80 days as a result the last 20 days led to his death in 1873 the 1st of may.
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Tanganyika
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Tanganyika is is African great lake located in central Africa on the borders of Tanzania, Congo, Zambia and Burundi.
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Ujiji,
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historic town located in Kigoma- Ujiji District of Kigoma Region in Tanzania.
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It was at this juncture, almost sick unto death and in deepest depression, that Stanley reached him in October, I87I.
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where the famous quote was derived from: Dr David Livingstone, I presume? written by David Livingstone.
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L;vingstone was mad with the idea of finding the Nile sources and obsessed with the idea that the Lualaba, which he had first reached in January, 867, must be the Upper Nil
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it was during this time when David Livingstone dedicated all his time into writing all about his observations and thoughts about central Africa or rather Africa as a whole, thus leading to his assumption that he may have encountered the upper Nile with which he is referring to the lake he had observed.
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missionaries in south africa before 1890 - Bing images - 1 views
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This is a picture that was taken before the 1890 of the missionaries in South Africa.The American Board of Commissioners for a Foreign Missions dispatched Adams Dr. Newton, a medical missionary from Ohio Country New York, to South Africa in 1834. At Umlazi, he established a mission station and school. This image shows a missionary preaching in 1834 in Umlazi -
this is a picture that was taken in 1834 in Umlazi when a missionary was preaching in south africa
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41970980.pdf - 1 views
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against Islam. In this latter endeavour they sought firstly to find a sea route to the land of the Christian Emperor of Ethiopia,1 and secondly to convert to Christianity the non-Islamic peoples they might meet in the course of explorat
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Such objectives were in turn integrated with the political and commercial interests of the Portuguese government by the consideration that a people converted to Christianity would in all ways be more open to their influence than would one with whom their contacts were confined solely
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Misinterpretation of imperfect intelligence was from the beginning a notable characteristic of the Christian effort to convert Benin.
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uese government had abandoned the Benin factory, are obscure. A genuine interest in Christianity cannot be wholly discounted, but there is little in the previous or subsequent history of Benin to suggest that it was the principal motive
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. At the time the Oba was hard-pressed by rebels or foreign enemies,4 yet was unable to gain the advantage of the redoubtable European weapons because the Portuguese, from prudence and papal prohibitions on the sale of arms to non-Christians, had taken care that no arms should fall into the hands of the Binis. Both obsta-
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cies could be overcome by conversion to Christianity.
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Missionaries the King of Portugal readily promised and arranged that they should return to Benin with the envoys, taking with them all the necessar) vestments, altar furnishings and books.4 Arms he refused to send until the Oba should prove the sincerity of his professed inclination to Christianit
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...Therefore, with a very good will we send you the clergy that you have asked for; they bring with them all the things that are needed to instruct you and your people in the knowledge of our faith. And we trust in Our Lord that He will bestow His grace upon you, that you may confess it and be saved in it - for all the things of this world pass away and those of the other last for ever. We earnestly exhort you to receive the teachings of the Christian faith with that readiness we expect from a very good friend. For when we see that you have embraced the teachings of Christianity like a good and faithful Christian, there will be nothing in our realms with which we shall not be glad to favour you, whether it be arms or cannon and all other weapons of war for use against your enemies ; of such things we have a
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great store, as Dom Jorge your ambassador will inform you. These things we are not sending you now, as he requested, because the law of God forbids it so long as you are....
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, the Oba sent his own sou with those of some chiefs to be baptised and taught to read by the missionaries. Reading lessons - probably with catechisms in Portuguese - progressed very satisfactorily, according to Pires. The Ob i also gave orders that a church should be built in Benin City for the priests. Whether this was done is open to doubt, for although Benin tradition insists that Roman Catholic churches were built in the city, and even the sites are indicated with some precision,4 there is no documentary evidence for the existence of churches there
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. Even if the mission reached Benin, it met with no recorded success. Nor for another twenty years did the Portuguese make any further attempt to convert the Oba and his people. Such Christian influence as persisted in Benin during this time was confined to a handful of Binis and slaves who had been converted while in the service of the Portug
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sland. On their arrival e
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1538, they discovered that Christianity was not entirely extinct in Benin. GregorioLourenço was still alive. Also the Oba held captive a number of Christains, including some described as "kings", and one named Afonso Anes whom he employed to teach boys the art of read
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AHR_47_1_2015_Layout 1.indd.pdf - 1 views
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missionaries religiously believed in abstract equality between Christians, irrespective of their race
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Missionaries held a firm religious belief in the universal equality of all Christians, regardless of race.
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missionaries developed a problematic relationship with British colonial rule, to the extent that by the 1890s, they had embraced a theological validation for the colonisation of the
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By the 1890s, missionaries had adopted a religious justification for the colonization of the British colonies as a result of their contentious relationship with British colonial power.
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missionaries also believed in an itinerant approach to their work. They initially thought that the most effective way to proselytise and convert Africans was to travel from one African community to another.
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missionaries favored a nomadic style of operation. At first, they believed that moving from one African community to another was the most fruitful way to spread the gospel and convert Africans.
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it was the opposite. They resorted to the ‘mission strategy’ which entailed ‘taking hold of the land
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They did not do what they intended to do, instead they forcefully took other peoples land.
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Mission stations therefore became sites of struggles for the control and movement of Africans. Furthermore, the need to control African labour became a contentious issue between missionaries and settlers.
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As a result, mission stations became the scene of conflicts over the management and transportation of Africans. In addition, the requirement to manage African labor turned into a bone of contention between missionaries and settlers.
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The Politics behind the Introduction of Christianity to Africa - 1 views
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Irish Missionaries in South Africa.pdf - 1 views
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OF the four provinces which compose the Union of South Africa namely, the Transvaal, the Orange Free State, Natal, and the Cape-only the last mentioned was to any notable extent the scene of the missionary labours of Irish bishops and
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In South Africa's Transvaal, Orange Free State, Natal, and Cape provinces, Irish bishops and missionaries were active
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The first Europeans who came to South Africa were, of course, Catholics (Protestantism did not exist then), and their first act was a religious act. They were Portu guese, and the standard they hoisted was not the standard of Portugal but that of the Kingdom of
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This highlights that the first Europeans to South Africa were Catholics and Portuguese, hoisted the standard of the Kingdom of Portugal.
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In 1674 we learn that the Catholic Church was present in the Cape at least in its
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This highlights the fact that catholic churches which were promoted by missionaries were present in the Cape of South Africa in 1674
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St. Peter's College, Wexford, has the distinction of being the first nursery of Irish missionaries
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This highlight that St. Peter's College was the first nursery of Irish missionaries.
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Firearms in Nineteenth-Century Botswana: The Case of Livingstone's 8-Bore Bullet.pdf - 0 views
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Although closely associated with the South African experience, the pre-colonial emergence of an indigenous gun culture among communities within modern Botswana was a determining factor in the territory’s separate colonial and thus postcolonial destiny.
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could the use of firearms have turned the tide and allowed Botwana to achieve freedom while the surrounding African countries were losing the fight against colonization
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The significance of firearms as symbolic markers as well as material instruments of power is reflected in Setswana praise poetry
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Thereafter, possession of breechloaders was a common and critical factor in subsequent Batswana martial success
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Batswana were also quick to incorporate gun wielding cavalry into their military formations and tactics.
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Botswana was quick to adapt and incorporate firearms into its military strategy. this made them better equipped to deal with the threat of invasion.
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y Botswana is paralleled by the social and environmental impact of their use in hunting. The acquisition of guns was both a cause and consequence of a surge in the region’s hunting trade from the 1840s; involving the export of ivory, karosses and ostrich feathers from hunting grounds largely falling under the effective control of the Dikgosi of Kweneng, Gammangwato, Gangewaketse and Gatawana. 1
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their acquiring of guns and their common use in Botswana helped foster economic growth. they were able to hunt better and trade more.
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Image of guns in Africa in the 1800s - 2 views
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This is an image of men in the 1800s holding guns they used as firearm to hunt or chase animals.
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"lizzie magale"THE BIBLE AND THE RIFLE Author(s): C. H. Spurgeon Source: The American A... - 2 views
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The title of the journal comes from the biblical context about King David who is a was a young sheperd , so the missionaries went and chose this title for their book in order to convince people to follow the christianity. They preached and taught people the importance of christianity.
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Taylor and Francis journal.pdf - 3 views
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Another river and its sources, the Congo, became the great riddle that occupied geographic societies and made them send expeditions to Central Africa. Their discoveries entertained European readers, fed the greed for power and wealth of many nations, and made explorers famous.
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(remarkable also because of the positive value Gierow gives to his observation of what other travellers often saw as a sign of savagery):
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Undeterred, the German association then sent out a third expedition led by Pogge whose first trip had made him a famous and respected explorer.
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the Bashilange presented them, as ethnographers, with a most intriguing case, a chance to break through that other cordon that consisted of preconceived images of savage Africa, a chance that, as I begin to see it, did not come around again until after the demise of colonial regimes in the sixties of this century.
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This journal is more about the explorers which was the Europeans that came with a voyage and sailed through Central Africa looking at the remarkable resources that they could put to good use and they ended up settling down because some of the explorers were very greedy they wanted everything to themselves. They started learning about the culture of African people which they liked very much but when they painted a picture for their followers back in Europe they would describe African as Savages.
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Power and Slavery in Central Africa: Chad (1890-1925) on JSTOR - 0 views
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liv_003181_0001-detail-article.jpg (2500×1500) - 3 views
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This map illustrates David Livingstone's annotations on the information he received from informants about the discovery of the source of the Nile, which is said that he annotated before actually visiting the region.
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Mission Stations in Africa in 1924 | Download Scientific Diagram - 4 views
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Firearms in Southern Africa: A Survey.pdf - 0 views
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. As time passed, firearms came to be used by ever-widening circles of the combatants, often as much the result of the increased collaboration and interdependence between peoples as of the increased conflict
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Guns were used as a result of collaboration between the different race groups present in Southern Africa at the time.
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d. By the time of the first Dutch-Khoi war of I659-60, the Cape Khoi were clearly aware of some of the limitations of Dutch muskets
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Khois's knowledge of firearms was ivreasing, maybe because of the increase in the use of firearms in Southern Africa during this period.
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N SOUTHERN AFRICA 519 guns and horses, as well as cattle.13 There was also a constant supply of firearms to the 'resisters' through the desertion of Khoi servants and slaves, who frequently fled with their masters' weapons to join the Khoisan in the mountain
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Africans were aquiring guns through theft during this time because the distribution of guns to the Natives of southern Africa was illegal.
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Throughout the nineteenth century, their knowledge and use of firearms was to stand the Khoisan and mixed or coloured groups in good stead. On two occasions, their joining the Xhosa in resistance (1799-I802 and I850-3) made the wars on the eastern frontier particularly formidable, while as late as I878 the long duration of the Griqua 'rebellion' was attributed to their long experience of firearm
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their increase in knowledge of firearms and their acquiring of firearms made Africans a more formidable opponent to the settlers.
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The significance of the acquisition of a knowledge of firearms by the Khoisan and coloured population was not limited solely to the resistance they were able to mount against white expansion. It was through them that the 'gun frontier' preceded the white man amongst the Nama and Herero of south-west Africa, the Tswana and southern Sotho groups across the Orange River,16 and the Xhosa and allied peoples on the Cape's eastern frontier. Although the arming of all these people on a large scale was a feature of the second half, if not the last third, of the nineteenth century, this first introduction to firearms may have in some ways shaped their response to them
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7 The Africans were able to counter the mobile Boer commandos with superior numbers and, probably, with a more efficient social and military organization. Probably also because of the gradualness of the contact between the Xhosa and whites, with fifty years of trading interaction as well as the mediation of the Khoi prior to the more violent conflicts, firearms per se held no terror for the Xhosa. Moreover in this warfare even in the eighteenth century, the Xhosa were able to acquire a certain number of firearm
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the Acquiring of firearms by the Africans greatly increased their military strength, making them much harder to suppress and dominate.
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Afrimilgunmen2.jpg (450×319) - 1 views
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This image , shows Africans in the 18th century holding military guns preparing for war. This image was found on Wikipedia.
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