Although it has been already well established that textile manufacturing was a strong sector of the economies in the lower Niger basin, many specific questions have remained unanswered about what kind of textiles were produced and marketed, how, where, and by whom they were produced, and how textile production and trade changed over time.
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THE ZULU WAR IN ZULU PERSPECTIVE.pdf - 0 views
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1879, Colenso was sent to Zululand to try and make amendments of peace with King Cetshwayo after the ongoing wars and aggression from Britain
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European Exploration of East Africa - 1 views
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Europeans explored East Africa between the years 1800 and 1890 with the purpose or motive to discover God, gold and glory
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Guns Gale primary Sources.pdf - 1 views
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A group of women have spent the rest of their lives living in danger of attacks from men in the 1800s.
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Notes on Hasty Defences as Practised in South Africa: Royal United Services Institution... - 2 views
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Textile Production in the Lower Niger Basin: New Evidence from the 1841 Niger Expeditio... - 2 views
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It has been proven that textile production was the major holding economy in the whole of Nigeria and it dominated for many years.
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originally chose to undertake the analyses of these textiles for two reasons. The first concerns the variation I found in the literature regarding prices of textiles. Not only has there been agreat variety ofcloth types produced inthe lower Niger region, but prices could vary considerably among cloths of the same general type.
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The explorer explained that prices for cloths were not the same especially in the lower region of Niger
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In their explorations, they were to learn as much as possible about native industries and agriculture, especially cotton and textile production. Most of the cloths they collected and brought back to England were turned over to the British Museum in 1843 (they are now in the Museum of Mankind); another smaller group of cloths acquired privately by Dr William Stanger was purchased by the Wisbech and Fenland Museum in Cambridgeshire in 1858.
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The two explorers investigated too much on cotton and textile production and their collection proved that these cloths were firstly acquired by the British Museum then later collected by Dr WILLIAM STRANGER.
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This detailed documentation, together with myanalyses ofthe textiles, presents us with a clearer picture than we had before of textile production and trade in the lower Niger region in the mid-nineteenth century.
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The Museum of Mankind proved everything about textile production in the Niger region .The reason being is because it had a formal documentation that stated the origin ,usage and the price ranges for textiles
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The textiles are the earliest non-archaeological examples extant which are known to be from the lower Niger region, and they have been kept in excellent condition. Even more important are the circumstances of their collection, about which we know a great deal.
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Textile are proven to be unsearchable and so hard to research because of certain consequences
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She showed that general price levels for the cloths fell into a coherent geographical configuration -
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The explorer proved that Mario Johnson said that according to the collections . prices and market values of cloths differed from place to place
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For the town of Eggan, in which most of the cloths were purchased, Johnson was able to distinguish an economy in which materials were imported to produce textiles for export while at the same time cheaper cloth was imported from Yoruba country (south of Eggan) for local use. She went on to infer that the Yoruba cloths were cheaper because they were woven on the vertical loom, which she claimed produced 'lower quality' products. My analyses show that this inference is incorrect.
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Johnson indicates that textiles and cloth from Egga were more expensive and the ones from Yoruba country were cheaper because they were woven on the vertical .This shows that Yoruba country produced lower quality products.
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They revealed that prices could rise or fall according to the amount of silk used, the dimensions of yarns, and the density of the fabric weave.
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It is proven that the quality ,dimensions ,size ,density and amount of silk determined the prices of the cloths and textiles.
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An explanation for the relatively lower prices of Yoruba cloths cannot, therefore, be based on an assumed difference in textile technology used
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Technology was discredited not to be used to differentiate Eggan and Yoruba textile production
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South African Military History Society - Journal - THE ORDNANCE AND MACHINE GUNS OF THE... - 1 views
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South African Military History Society - Journal - THE ORDNANCE AND MACHINE GUNS OF THE BSAC Part One: 1889-1891
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European Exploration and Africa' Self-Discovery.pdf - 1 views
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This article is a reflection on this basic ambivalence in the meaning and philosophical implications of a transient episode in African history. What needs to be remembered is that men cast in certain roles, such as explorers, become not merely historical figures but also intellectual symbols
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the explorers played a significant role in making those unrecognized African precious things and making them visible to the whole world
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This is indeed an important consideration. To 'discover' the lake was in fact to see something which generations of Africans before had seen and touched and utilised. Europeans seeing the lake for the first time were at best instruments of dissemination for a body of knowledge which had already been acquired by others before them.
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In reality, the lake was something that had already been seen, touched, and used by generations of Africans before it was "discovered." But when Europeans first saw the lake, they served it, at best, and wanted to turn it into a special discovery. The arrival of European explorers also shed light to some development in Africa
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Many of the former were missionaries, or supported by missionaries, and what they were committed to was not a preservation of African culture. They were out to Christianise Africa—in a total, transformative sense. As James S. Coleman once put it, ' Tropical Africa had a special attraction for the missionaries. The heathen was his target, and of all human groups, the Africans were believed to be the most heathen.
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Many of the explorations were sponsored by academic societies, many of whom were secular missionaries in their own right. Sometimes the gathering of scientific knowledge was elevated to the level of a moral requirement. The evangelical goal of opening up Africa to the light of science and exposing African superstition to the antidote of reason also inspired some of the philanthropic backing that the learned organizations received.
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Thando doc.pdf - 2 views
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Notes on Hasty Defences as Practised in South Africa.pdf - 1 views
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o wagons were kept in as compact an order of march as possible, and on the leading wagon a cannon was carried.
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The cannon was fired, laager was formed, and at the cannon signal all the other parties rallied on the laager, which mas circular in form, oxen and horses inside, wagons chained together, and wagon saiIs over the wagons and pegpl to the ground outside.
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Taylor and Francis Article: 'Like the Wild Beast after the Taste of Blood': War, Huntin... - 1 views
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conques
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the subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by military force
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discourse
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conquest
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the subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by military force
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military
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A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct military uniform.
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o
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ethos
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The distinguishing character, sentiment, moral nature, or guiding beliefs of a person, group, or institutionethic sense
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replete
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Cape Colony
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It is also known as the Cape of Good Hope, and it was a British colony in present-day South Africa named after the Cape of Good Hope. It existed from 1795 to 1802, and again from 1806 to 1910, when it united with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa.
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freebooters
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someone who engages in an unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country or territory to foster or support a political revolution or secession. The term is usually applied to United States citizens who incited insurrections across Latin America, particularly in the mid-19th century, usually with the goal of establishing an American-loyal regime that could later be annexed into the United States.
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annexation
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coalesced
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burgher
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Burgher may refer to: Burgher (social class), a medieval, early modern European title of a citizen of a town, and a social class from which city officials could be drawn Burgher (Church history), a member of the First Secession Church who subscribed to the Burgher OathBurgher people.
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paramilitary
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A paramilitary is an organization whose structure, tactics, training, and function are similar to those of a professional military but is not part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces.
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hegemony
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leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.
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garrisoned
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a military Posta permanent military installation the troops stationed at a garrison.
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fauna
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Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time.
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solace
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eded territory
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warfare
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decimated
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remnant
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a part or quantity that is left after the greater part has been used, removed, or destroyed.
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strenuous
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treacherous
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conflated
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combine or bring two things or more sets of information, texts, ideas, etc.) into one.
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Xhosa made concerted efforts to obtain firearms and ammunition from travelling tr a de rs . 11 0 By the time of the 1846–7 war, the Xhosa were generally well armed, utilising both firearms and assegais in war .
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This basically depicts how the Xhosa people were introduced to guns by the Dutch.
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Guns had a devastating impact in the Cape Colony during the Dutsch war, lives were lost and animals. The Cape was left dry without Lions, Giraffes, and other animals such as elephants. This shows that guns gave the Dutch people power to hunt and kill people in the Cape Colony. The Xhosa people used firearms to fight in the 1846-7 war. The military trend was begun by the Dutch colonists. The military not only had physical impact on the environment and on indigenous people but influenced how these were imagined in the broader colonial discourse.
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Maxim Gun and the Age of Imperialism - HISTORY CRUNCH - History Articles, Biographies, ... - 1 views
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The Maxim gun was an important weapon that played a significant role in the Age of Imperialism. More specifically, the Maxim gun is often associated with the ‘Scramble for Africa’, which took place from 1870 until 1914. In general, the Maxim gun was the first machine gun that worked by recoil operation. This allowed it to fire rounds at an incredibly fast rate, which gave the European nations a distinct advantage against the African people that they encountered. As time passed, the Maxim gun was put into use by many nations and saw use in all sorts of different conflicts, including World War I.
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The Role of Missionaries as Explorers in Africa.pdf - 2 views
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a significant geographical explorer. Johann Ludwig Krapf and Johannes Rebmann, German missionaries in the service of the Church Missionary Society in England, were the first white men to see Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjaro. Rebmann's report about Kibo, the snow covered peak in the land of the Chagga in equatorial latitudes, was straight-forward: The Swahili of the coast call the snow-mountain Kilimanjaro, "mountain of greatness
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naries in many less spectacular discoveries and contributions to geographic knowledge, some general aspects of the missionary enterprise in Africa should be mentioned.
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when financially strong societies maintained their own ocean steamers and river boats. 6 Missionaries were also handicapped porters and guides, and some carried guns, but the mere idea and the expense of armed escorts were rarely acceptable to mission societies' boards. Few of their members could judge the African environment from personal experience, and explorations which looked promising to men in the field might be discouraged by influential board members, who would rather promote far-flung journeys into regions that had struck their fancy.
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s long as geographic exploration only was incidental to the tasks which miSSIonaries set for themselves, and since the opportunities changed through time and from-region to region, they were as explorers cast into different roles
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he cause of Commerce and Christianity, rather the same idea which a missionary in South Africa had called the Bible and the Plough, became widely publicized through Thomas Buxton. 13
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The AfricanS/ave Trade and Its Remedy in 1840, after a shorter version, The African Slave Trade, in 183
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Liberia in the Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Erdkunde on the basis of missionary reports. 15 Through lectures, which missionaries gave when on home leave, their books, sometimes written in retrospect, and through their numberless communications in journals, there emerges a rather standard and new exploratory role. T
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intensive exploration was the strategy explicitly formulated for the Holy Ghost Fathers: at least two had to travel together, a region had to be thoroughly explored before a spot for a mission could be selected
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The Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East (C.M.S.) which engaged Krapf, who was trained at Basel, also envisaged the role of exploring itinerants for their servants. Krapf was instructed in 1851 "to branch out far and wide preaching from the little ship, in the temporary abode, by the wayside
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The trade in Ivory - 2 views
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The ban of trade in ivory, they only allowed 2,000kg to be exported. The ban of ivory was made in other to protect the decreasing number of elephants.
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Henry Morton Stanley Circumnavigates Africa's Lake Victoria and Explores the Entire Len... - 5 views
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the first person to travel and record the entire length of the Congo River. Stanley was also the first European to circumnavigate Lake Victoria (/places/africa/african-physicalgeography/lake-victoria) and the man responsible for opening parts of central Africa to transportation
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Stanley was the first explorer to measure the Congo River length, travel to Lake Victoria and responsible for making transportation paths in Central Africa.
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In 1795 Scottish physician Mungo Park (/people/history/explorers-travelers-and-conquerorsbiographies/mungo-park) (1771-1806) explored the Niger River and first spoke of the immensity of the Congo, which he assumed originated from a large lake in the center of Africa.
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After exploring the Niger River, Mungo started praising the large size of the Congo River and even thought that it had derived from a big lake situated in Central Africa.
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By 1836, when more than 10 million Africans had already been shipped out of their homeland as slaves, the major European powers declared slave trading illegal and thus removed a large commercial interest in African exploration. This shifted the focus of exploration to geographical science and Christian missionary work
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Superiors in Europe viewed slavery as an unlawful activity which led them into abandoning the mission of exploring Africa and focused on Christianity.
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Henry Morton Stanley's first African expedition was in 1871, on assignment for The New York (/places/united-states-and-canada/us-political-geography/new-york) Herald to find Livingstone, who was assumed dead. Stanley's famous question upon finding him, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" made Stanley a household name in the explorer frenzy that followed Livingstone's journeys. Although not a scientist, Stanley was sent back out to answer the geographic questions left following Livingstone's death in 1873. Among these, Stanley set out in 1874 to circumnavigate the enormous Lake Victoria to see if it was a single body of water, and—more importantly—to see if it was the much-sought-after source of the Nile River. Stanley also planned to circumnavigate Lake Tanganyika (/places/africa/african-physical-geography/laketanganyika), to see if it was the source of the Nile, as Burton had suggested. Finally, Stanley planned to finish Livingstone's work of mapping the Lualaba River. Livingstone had theorized that the Lualaba, which flowed from Lake Bangweolo, was quite possibly the Nile itself. (Others thought that the Lualaba was the same as the Congo River, not the Nile.)
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Stanley went on a journey in search of Livingstone whom was thought to be dead. He also discovered that Lake Victoria had a single outlet that drained into the Nile River through the Rippon Falls and Lake Albert. Moreover, he also discovered the measurements Luaba River.
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British missionary David Livingstone (/people/history/explorers-travelers-and-conquerorsbiographies/david-livingstone) (1813-1873), while partly on a quest to seek the elusive source of the Nile, discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (/places/africa/african-physicalgeography/victoria-falls). Livingstone's expedition went on to discover parts of the main network of Africa's largest rivers, including the Congo, but his work remained unfinished, leaving many questions that Stanley would soon answer.
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Although Livingstone had discovered many rivers he left his mission of discovering the river that supplied the Nile unconcluded which was later finished by Stanley.
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Richard Francis Burton (1821-1890) and John Hanning Speke (/people/history/explorers-travelers-and-conquerors-biographies/john-hanning-speke) (18271864) explored part of Lake Victoria and a section of the Nile, and theorized that either Victoria or Lake Tanganyika (/places/africa/african-physical-geography/lake-tanganyika), southwest of Victoria, was the river's source
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These two explorers discovered a part of Lake Victoria and Nile River and from their theory made a conclusion that the rivers that supplied the Nile River was the Victoria Lake if not Tanganyika.
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It took four months for Stanley to meet the banks of Tanganyika, but he circumnavigated it successfully in 51 days.
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Although Stanley had spent 4 months before reaching the ground at the edge of Tanganyika, he was able sail around the lake within 51 days.
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Verney Lovett
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This was an explorer from Britain whose quest was to discover the main source of the Congo River.
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The Congo, as Stanley had now surmised that the Lualaba and the Congo were the same river, would have nearly 200 miles (320 km) of the most severe rapids he would encounter.
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Stanley's journey also concluded what we know about the character of the Congo River: from its source, just south of Lake Tanganyika, the river begins as the Lualaba, heads southwestward to Lake Bangweolo, then turns north to the Zambia/Zaire border to Lake Mweru, where it becomes the Congo. The mighty river crosses the equator twice, placing it in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. After 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of a wild path through extreme landscapes, it reaches the Atlantic Ocean.
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Because of Stanley's exploration we are now aware about the river that supplies the Congo River and its paths where it flows until its gets to the Atlantic Ocean.
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December-16-1838-The-Battle-of-Blood-River-768x464 - 0 views
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This is a picture of what unfolded in 1838 in the war between the Boers and the Zulus in the southern hemisphere of Africa. We can clearly see that the weapons used by the boers were guns and cannons while the Zulus used spears.
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The case for Africans: The role of slaves and masters in emancipation on the gold coast... - 1 views
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People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. People also read Recommended articles Cited by 2
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Slavery existed in various forms in the Gold Coast before the arrival of Europeans. In some societies, slaves were treated as members of the family and could even rise to positions of power, while in others they were seen as little more than property. The arrival of Europeans and the demand for slaves for the transatlantic trade led to an increase in the number of slaves taken from the region.
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The transatlantic slave trade was abolished in the 19th century, but the legacy of slavery and colonialism continues to shape the social and economic structures of many African countries, including Ghana.
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The Gold Coast, which is now modern-day Ghana, was a major center of the transatlantic slave trade during the 18th and 19th centuries
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Europeans established trading posts along the coast, where they exchanged goods such as textiles, firearms, and alcohol for African captives who were then transported across the Atlantic to work as slaves in the Americas.
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