THE RISE AND FALL OF THE ZULU KINGDOM3
Contents contributed and discussions participated by terri-ann
1879 zulu wars primary.pdf - 1 views
primary source 1 ..pdf - 1 views
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Sihayo kaXongo ( 1824-1883) was a Zulu chief. He was a commander of the iNdabakawombe iButho( social age group and regiment). he supported Cetshwayo.
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Sihayo kaXongo ( 1824-1883) was a Zulu chief. He was a commander of the iNdabakawombe iButho( social age group and regiment). he supported Cetshwayo.
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secondary leadership and formation zulu kingdom.pdf - 1 views
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Anglo-Zulu war of 1879
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he Zulu Kingdom begins with the reign of Dingiswayo, chief of the Mthethwa, an Nguni-speaking group of the Bantu population in southeastern Africa
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Dingiswayo was a very successful man regarding his military skills, with upgraded regiments as well as centralizing power over a conquered area.
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2,000
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2,000 member
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the Zulu Kingdom did not have a vast amount of individuals however it did grow over time
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Shaka an illegitimate son of the Zulu chief
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subsumed the Mthethwa regiments under Zulu control and proclaimed himself the new ruler of the Zulu Kingdom
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Shaka being the new leader of the Zulu people because he had killed the son of the Mthethwa tribe, and taking control of that community.
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. He introduced the assegai (a short thrusting spear) and trained the army to encircle the enemy in a shield-to-shield formation so that rival warriors could be stabbed at the hear
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royal kraal (a territorial dwelling unit with the house of the king located at the center
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300 formerly independent chiefdoms into the Zulu Kingdom.
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nd e
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Further inland, however, areas of sweet grasses were well suited to cattle-herding and harbored the majority of the Zulu people (Gump 1989; Guy 1979:5-9, 1980).
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lu po
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. The death of Shaka had brought about a weakening of central political orde
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During Shaka's regime, the British and Boer settlers in the area had not interfered with Zulu rul
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d. The reign of Mpande was peaceful in comparison with his predecessors' regi
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Mpande rule was more peaceful and did not inflict a reign of terro as his brother has created during the ruling time.
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Cetshwayo
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In 1873, Theophilus Shepstone, Natal Secretary for Native Affairs, crowned Cetshwayo king of the Zulu, not, as Cetshwayo thought, to conf1rm his independe
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royal authority but, on the contrary, because the sovereignty of the Zulu king was seen to be inconsistent with British colonial rule
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When the Zulu king did not conform to these demands, a succession of bloody confrontations between the Zulu and the British ultimately led to the Anglo-Zulu war
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The demands of missionaries being able to teach the young Zulu individuals. and the demand that the individuals be able to marry because of the previous rule of King Shaka that stated that individuals that were part of the military were not able to marry but were to live single independent lives.
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the year of the war between the British and the Zulu kingdom because they did not follow the commands of the British.
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restraints, and Cetshwayo was again crowned king of the Zulu. A military confro
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Zulu territory was declared a British protectorate, and in 1897 it became part of Natal.
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Shaka were certainly the main driving force for the enormous territorial expansion of the Zulu Kingdom, bringing many previously independent chiefdoms under unified political rule.
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. While the Zulu Kingdom was constrained by physical boundaries, these limits at the same time designated divisions between distinct sociopolitical formations. The opportunities for free movement of the Zulu were limited by the presence of the Swazi and Tembe Thonga to the north, the Boers and Basuto to the west, and the British to the sou
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Shaka's rule was centralized and authoritarian, but the local chiefs did retain some autonomous po
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the sharing of power is wiser when ruling because there is room for disagreements and agreements and there is a higher chance of equality and betterment of ruling.
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he Zulu Kingdom then had the beginnings of a central, politically controlled system of economy and law.
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The terroristic Zulu regime (especially under Shaka) managed to maintain order not only by expansion but also by further consolidation of evolving political authorit
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f1rst, the role of Shaka and the system of terror extended under his ru
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the precise nature of Zulu political developments from dispersed tribes and chiefdoms to one unified state
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Zulu kings indeed enjoyed such a powerful sociopolitical role.
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abanta be nlsosi (the people of the king)
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rudimentar
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ce. Most research indeed indicates that the military-political reorganizations initiated by the Zulu kings on the basis of indigenous systems' hunting practices were decisive for the further expansion and consolidation of the kingdom (Chanaiwa 1980:6-12; Stevenson 1968:33). Shaka, for instance, Elrmly established the age-graded military regiments, unified hundreds of tribes (in no more than ten years), weakened the power of elders and sorcerers, and controlled a standing army with the aid of loyal chiefs
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Africa over the years had been underestimated. it is evident that Africa did have skills and governing methods. King Shaka had developed a political institution as well as developed their military base with defense mechanisms and strategies that ahve helped the Zulu kingdom to conquere other tribes . The Zulu people may have not won during the Anglo-Zulu war but they did have good defense strategies and did denfend their homelands, they did not simply go into the battle field without any information of defense. King Shaka may have been a horrible leader but there are so many things that he had taught the people that were beneficial to them after his death and during wars and tribal conflicts.
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ambivalenc
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an account of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone .
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zation still persisting, the Zulu Kingdom was essentially a political formation in transition, well underway to crystalizing into a fully consolidated state, yet still lacking the differentiation and specialization of complex political states which was characteristic for the British settlers who were therefore in a position to subsume it
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rudimenta
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za latent homosexual and possibly psychotic
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the manner in which King Shaka is described because of his ruthless ruling over the African kingdom
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Shaka was a man of skill whereby he had joined chiefdoms together, whilst exerting immense power whilst stipulating limitation for those he allowed to have power. he annihilated all those that he found a threat or those who had stood in his way.
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King Shaka was killed by his two brothers. his brother Dingane took over the kingdom by enforcing terror fort all those that did not comply to his rules. later on Dingane's brother Mpande joined forces with the Europeanans and eventually killed his brother to took control of the Zulu kingdom.
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secondary anglo-zulu war 1879.pdf - 2 views
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War of 1879
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Anglo-Zulu
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On 22 Janua
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nineteenth century when 1,500 men armed with the most modern weapons then available were wiped out at the battle of Isandlwana by a Zulu army—an impi—of 25,000 warriors armed
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the Zulu people were able to fight because of the strategies that were learnt when they were under the leadership of King Shaka. they had been taught military defense as well as a means to protect themselves on the battlefield.
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120 men decided to st
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inst 4,000 Zul
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famous Redcoats were
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xed
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fri
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a formal act whereby a state proclaims its soverignity over territory hirherto outside its domian.
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over production
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15 million
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the
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By 1876, Britain was without doubt the strongest power in the region, but both the Zulus and the Boers were unwilling to recognize that and were determined to resist British in
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around the Cape.7 The idea that the conquest of Zululand would bring enough economic gain to justify the expense would have required a very large measure of op
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In the absence of any identifiable economic motive for a British invasion of Zu
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bsence of any identifiable economic motive for a British invasion of Zululand, the strategic control of the Cape route to India assumes greater signifi can
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Sir Bartle Frere was British trying to implicate British territory in South Africa.
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tional situation. For Frere, however, making Cape Town secure was only part of the answer to external threats, and he argued that there were a number of opportunities for European powers to intervene in Southern Africa if they so wished.31 Excluding European influenc
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according to the British South Africa can be seen as a place full of benefits because it provide the perfect route location for transportation and it is secure .
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While securing the defenses of the Cape was Frere's immediate goal, he could not afford to lose sight of the long-term aim of overcoming the skepticism of the colonists a
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ars of the Zulus (and perhaps gain their support through the distribution o
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The British then decides to join forces with the Boers and strike a bargain by saying that the Boers will get parts of the Zulu land if they worked together to move the Zulu people.
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296 The Historian By July 1878, Frere was preparing to take advantage of the hiatus granted by th
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Congress
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us. The Boundary Commission looked into the various claims to the Disputed Territories and, as expected, reported in Jun
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The British were trying to finds reasons to remove the Zulu people of their land but it was expected that the land on which the Zulu people resided on was actually theirs in a legal way , that prevented the British to take the land.
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ed the experienced administrator for a solution. Frere gave it. The Boers would give land in the Disputed Territories in return for the removal of the Zulu threat, while the Zulus would gain land in return for a general disarmament and recognition of Britain as the paramount power by the acceptance of a R
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portunity for dealing with Cetshwayo, and his determination to go to war was therefore made firm when he submitted his request for reinforcements on 10 Sep
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9. On 11 January 1879, when the time allowed by the ultimatum expired, Frere sent the British army into Zul
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the Anglo-Zul
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of a telegraph, who did not think that war with Russia could be avoided by negotiation (as indeed it was). Zululand was invaded, and, despite Isandlwana, the impis were shot down against the express wishes of the government in London because Frere feared something much worse: a Zulu invasion coinciding with a Boer rising and a Russian naval attack which would result in burning ports, razed farms, the route to India severed, and the destruction of British prestige. As a committed imperialist, Frere would never let this happen on his watch, whatever orders to the contrary the politicians gave. He paid with humiliation and disgrace at the end of an otherwise glittering career. Ironically, the victory at Isandlwana ultimately made things worse for the Zulus because it brought such a storm of political irritation down on Frere that he was unable to carry through his plans for a workable postwar settlement for Zululand. Removed from control of the war, he was unable to prevent the Zulu kingdom from being broken up into thirteen separate entities, which then promptly dissolved into the miseries of a civil war which would tear apart Zululand and leave most of its lands in the hands of Boer freebooters.97 It would take until 1887 for it to be formally annexed to the British Empire.
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Frere did not care about the lives that would be lost , he had no sympathy. he was keen on breaking up the Zulu Kingdom back into 13 tribes so that there would be no unity. he did not want to be defeated in anyway because he was not prepared to be humiliated.
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In the beginning the Zulu leader Cetshwayo had thought that he could use the British as a potential ally against the Boers however it turned out to more complicated and that the British were trying to take land from the Zulus and by crossing territories.
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the need to invade the Zulu land was to enforce British demands. the Zulu individuals has a vast disadvantage because of their weapondry that was not advanced nor did they have technological devices to help during the war. An estimated amount of 3000 Zulu individuals died at the battlefield.
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the British was not aware of the gold . it was during this time that the British was trying to seizure the land that belonged to the Zulu people.
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Anglo-Zulu Wars 1879-1896 | South African History Online - 2 views
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The destruction of the Zulu kingdom 1879 -1896
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These societies attempted to resist the extension of colonial control over them, one of which was the Zulu kingdom
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1879
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Cetshwayo
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Lord Chelmsford,
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The desire to enforce British demand amongst the Zulu people was commanded by lord Chelmsford.
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The main objective was to occupy the Zulu royal kraal at Ulundi by advancing on it from three directions.
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Zulu tactic of attacking from three sides by means of the main force or chest in the centre, and an extended left and right ‘horn’ on each side.
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The Zulu kingdom had developed military strategic method during the ruling of King Shaka.
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12 January 1879
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horn formation
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the Zulu horn formation resembles a crescent shape with two flanks moving to encircle the enemy.
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Zulus, some of whom were armed with rifles.
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outflanked
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The British lost 52 officers, 727 white soldiers and 471 black men of the Native Contingent - a third of Chelmsford's men.
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The Battle of Isandlwana
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The main Zulu army left Nodwengu on 17 January to defend Zululand from the centre column
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The might of the British army had suffered a severe repulse and any thoughts of a quick British victory were put to rest. On the other hand, the Zulu themselves suffered terrible casualties, and worse was to follow.
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The British had had the mindset of victory without any hard work, never once realize that the Zulu people had strategy as well as defenses that would help them in the war.
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More than 1 000 Zulu
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etshwayo was forced to flee for safety, until he was captured in the Ngome forest in August and exiled to the Cape
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Zulu army, a mass of 20 000
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hut tax was imposed
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a form of taxation of African possessions on "per hut" that was imposed by the British
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Subsequently over 70% of the annual cost of administering Zululand was derived from this tax.
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Early in 1883 Cetshwayo was reinstalled as king
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Cetshwayo died in late 1883
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Zululand's western margin, which they called The New Republic, with its 'capital' at Vryheid.
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1894 Dinuzulu
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no chiefly powers or privilege
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The territory was divided among
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The situation was worsened further by several natural disasters between 1894 and 1897. These disasters included a plague of locusts, drought and the devastating rinderpest epidemic of 1897- which led to a massive decline in homestead production
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Already under stress from the imposition of the hut tax, many more Zulu men were forced into the Witwatersrand labour market to make ends meet and pay taxes.
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individuals did not have a choice but to work so that they could pay for their huts
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WTXWWH937269383 (1).pdf - 5 views
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