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Two Slave Brothers Birthed Africa's Oldest State Church | Christian History | Christian... - 2 views

www.christianitytoday.com/...hiopian-orthodox-tewahedo.html Sindisiwe Gumede 220072035 History 2A
shared by masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • While the region had been familiar with Christianity for decades, the religion was soon to spread across Axum.
  • Christianity heralded a new age in Abyssinia—the birth of advanced learning. A new class of people emerged fully devoted to learning and the cause of Christianity. As the first vocalized Semitic language, Geez simplified and improved reading and writing.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23
       
      The advent of modern education in Abyssinia was ushered in by Christianity. A new group of individuals appeared wholly committed to education and the cause of Christianity. Geez, the earliest Semitic language to be spoken, facilitated and enhanced reading and writing.
  • Centuries later, when the first Muslims faced persecution, the prophet Muhammad instructed his followers to, “go to Abyssinia, for the king will not tolerate injustice and it is a friendly country, until such time as Allah shall relieve you from your distress.”
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23
       
      When the early Muslims began to experience persecution centuries later, the prophet Muhammad advised his followers to "go to Abyssinia, for the king will not tolerate injustice and it is a friendly country, until such time as Allah shall relieve you from your distress."
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Abyssinia was also an early home to the three Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Judaism entered Abyssinia with the Queen of Sheba and later with Jewish exiles and merchants from Yemen and Egypt. (The Jewish community still exists today, although many emigrated to Israel in the 1980s.) One of the earliest Christian baptisms recorded in Scripture was the Ethiopian eunuch in Acts 8 who took his new faith with him to his homeland. Islam came to Axum before it went to its second holiest city, Medina. This migration is known as the First Hijra, when Muhammad’s first followers fled persecution in Mecca.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23
       
      The three Abrahamic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, all have early origins in Abyssinia. With the Queen of Sheba and subsequent Jewish refugees and traders from Yemen and Egypt, Judaism first arrived in Abyssinia. (The Jewish community is still present today, despite the fact that many moved to Israel in the 1980s.) The Ethiopian eunuch in Acts 8 was baptised as a Christian and returned to his native country after receiving one of the first accounts of Christian baptism in the Bible. Before spreading to Medina, Islam first arrived in Axum, its second holiest city. The initial Hijra, when Muhammad's initial adherents escaped persecution in Mecca, is referred to as this exodus.
  • While the region had been familiar with Christianity for decades, the religion was soon to spread across Axum.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23
       
      Christianity had been practised in the area for many years, but it was shortly to become widespread across Axum.
  • oday, the Tewahdo Church has the most adherents of all the Oriental Orthodox churches and is second only to the Russian Orthodox in size among all Eastern Orthodoxy. (Most of the Oriental churches were eclipsed by the Muslim Crescent and their adherents relegated into minority status.) The Tewahdo Church, however, stayed autonomous despite its centuries-long isolation from the rest of Christendom.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Tewahdo Church currently has the most members of all Oriental Orthodox churches and is the second-largest among all Eastern Orthodoxy. (Most of the Oriental churches were overshadowed by the Muslim Crescent, and those who followed them were reduced to a small minority.) The Tewahdo Church, however, continued to exist independently despite being cut off from the rest of Christendom for many years.
  • This isolation may also have contributed to a theological rift between the Tewahdo Church and the rest of Christianity. The Tewahdo Church (whose name means “being made one” in Geez) follows the Coptic Orthodox belief in the complete union of divine and human natures into one perfectly unified nature in Christ.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23
       
      The Tewahdo Church and the rest of Christianity may have developed a theological divide as a result of this seclusion. The Tewahdo Church adheres to the Coptic Orthodox doctrine that the divine and human natures are totally united into one in Christ (whose name means "being made one" in Geez).
  • The Tewahdo church is the oldest and most venerated institution in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Its presence hasn’t only preserved and built up Christianity—it has created a repository of art, music, culture, poetry, and literature. While Christianity is no longer the official religion of these countries, the Tewahdo church continues to guide the moral, spiritual, and intellectual lives of its more than 45 million adherents.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 25 Apr 23
       
      The oldest and most revered organisation in Ethiopia and Eritrea is the Tewahdo church. Not only has its presence helped to strengthen and protect Christianity, but it has also helped to build a rich cultural, artistic, and literary heritage. The Tewahdo church continues to direct the moral, spiritual, and intellectual lives of its more than 45 million followers despite the fact that Christianity is no longer the recognised religion in these nations.
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Abyssinia. Being a Continuation of Routes in That Country.pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0se9a4 Sindisiwe Gumede 220072035 History 2A
shared by masindi0906 on 24 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • also think it no sin to sell slaves, which, as is well known, the Ab;yssinians generally refrairl from (loing, from reiigious motives. But in other respects they seem to observe all the religious forms and ceremonies of their neigh-l)o-urs, and assert their orthodoxy quite as strongly as those do. I wisheel to learn *rhen Christianity was firs$ intro(luced among them, but they woul(l not hear of their ancestors having ever been pagaIls.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Additionally, they disregard the fact that selling slaves is something that Abyssinians often refrain from doing for religious reasons. However, in other ways, they appear to follow all the religious rituals and practices of their neighbours and proclaim their orthodoxy with similar vigour. I'd like to know that when Christianity was first given to them, they flatly denied ever having been pagan.
  • n questioning my guides as to the celebration of religious ceremonies here, they scorne(l the idea of their performing anything of the sort, I)eing Christians; but they admitted that yearly in the montEl of tIedar, or Tahsas (about the end of November), after the rainy season, and when the ground is sufficiently dry to allow of it, an ox is slaugh-tere(l on the spot by tlle neighlsouring Shum, and its Mood is al-lowed to flow into the spring, its flesh l)eing eaten on the ground
  • ve to give a certain degtee of solidity to the otherwise unstable soil. These practices are evidently remains of a higher degree of veneration pai(l to the spot at a period when the inhalaitants of tlle country were not conserteel to Christianity.
  • ...2 more annotations...
  • t. The g()verll(r of El3enat is a l\fohammedan; and many of the inhalitants of this country are of the same relit,ion. IslaInism is in fact makin;,
  • strides over Abyssinia (as it is through the Galla countries to the S.), nulnl)ers of the Christians continually passing over to i
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 24 Apr 23
       
      The majority of the people of this nation, including the governor Ebenat, are Muslims. As it is in the Galla countries to the South, Islam is actually gaining ground in Abyssinia as more and more Christians convert to it.
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Abyssinia. IOR/R/20/G/215 - Document - Nineteenth Century Collections Online - 1 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do Sindisiwe Gumede 220072035 History 2A
shared by masindi0906 on 24 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • The Galla invasion.,At this period Shoa, which had at times formed part of the old Abyssinian empire, and at others had occupied more or less the position of an independent kingdom, came completely under Moslem sway, with the exception of a few of the most in¬ accessible districts, where small bands of Christians had taken refuge. And now followed the Galla invasion.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 24 Apr 23
       
      The invasion of Galla.At this time, Shoa, which had occasionally been a part of the old Abyssinian empire and occasionally held a position resembling that of an independent kingdom, was entirely ruled by Muslims, with the exception of a few of the most remote areas where small groups of Christians had sought refuge. And the invasion of the Galla came next.
  • Abyssinia was converted to Christianity in A.D. 330, vide page 55. It is not, however, till the 15th century that the course of Early Abyssinian history becomes more clear, and it was in this European century that Abyssinia first came into contact with outside !
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 24 Apr 23
       
      According to page 55, Abyssinia adopted Christianity in the year 330. The trajectory of Early Abyssinian history, however, does not become more obvious until the 15th century, and it was during this European century that Abyssinia first came into contact with the outside world.
  • Early European missions in Shoa. Ras Darghé.,Hailo Melekot. Theodore usurps the Abyssinian Crown.,Menelik taken prisoner by Theodore. Menelik's escape.,Menelik becomes Governor of Shoa. King John enters Shoa.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 24 Apr 23
       
      Early missions by Europeans in Shoa. Hailo Melekot, Ras Darghé. Theodore usurps the throne of Ethiopia and imprisons Menelik. Following Menelik's escape, he is appointed Shoa's governor. The King of Shoa enters.
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131867085.pdf - 2 views

diigo.com/0sdrr2 Sindisiwe Gumede 220072035 History 2A
shared by masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • A b y ssin ia n C h ris tia n ity as p e rso n a l relig io n is h ard ly b etter. I t is a b u rd e n o f form s, a n d n o th in g m ore.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      Abyssinia Christianity is not much better as a personal religion. It is merely an aesthetic burden.
  • B u t th e ir C h ris tia n ity ! W h y has n o t th a t s h a p e d a b e tte r c h a ra c te r ? A cu rio u s C h ristian ity in d e e d I
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      However, they are Christian! Why didn't that produce a more positive character? What a strange Christianity!
  • Considering, therefore, what kind of a Christianity it is, it would be simply absurd to expect from the Abyssinian religion any profound in­ fluence for good upon the individual character.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      Therefore, given the type of Christianity it is, it would be ludicrous to expect the Abyssinian religion to have a significant positive impact on a person's character.
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Abyssinia.pdf - 2 views

diigo.com/0sdr70 Sindisiwe Gumede 220072035 History 2A
shared by masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • As for Thcodorc himself, liis real nanic was Cnrsai. TTc lvas born in Runra, oiic of tlic westcnimost provinces of Alpsinin, son of :t man of 110 cmincncc or wcnltlt, though claiming liiicnl clcsccnt from Xcnilcli, tlic traditional son of Solomon tlic Grcat, and JInqucdn, the lovely Queen of Slicba.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      He was born in Kuara, one of the most western provinces of Abyssinia, the son of a commoner who claimed descent from Maqueda, the beautiful Queen of Sheba, and Menelik, the traditional son of Solomon the Great.
  • In February, 18jS, Iic WIS crowned Tlicodoros, King of Rings, Emperor of Ethiopia, by tlic liaiid of tlie Coptic Bishop of Abyssinia.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      He received the title Theodoros, King of Kings, Emperor of Ethiopia, from the Coptic Bishop of Abyssinia in February 1855.
  • The Abyssininns arc n mixed race. The .word Abyssinia is probably derired from their native name ITnbash, which, I believe, in the Giz, 01- aricicnt Etliiopic language, means n mixture.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      They are a mixed race, the Abyssinians. The word Abyssinia is most likely derived from their native name, Habash, which, according to my understanding, in the Giz language, an early form of Ethiopian, implies a combination.
  • ...4 more annotations...
  • Thc professed religion of h’orthern Abyssinia is Christianity. There arc n few BIoliamniedans and Falashas, or Jews. Abyssinian Cliristi- anity is, howeyer, among the people generallj-, merely tlie Jcwisli religion, with n few Christian nanies and forms superadded.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      Northern Abyssinia is predominantly Jewish, with few Christianity names.
  • In slaying their cattlc, too, the beast must be thrown down, with its liead turned to Jerusalem, and its throat cut while the Christian words, ‘‘ in the iiamc of the Father, and of the Son, and of tlic IIoly Ghost,” are pronounced.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      The beast must be killed in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.
  • It iiiust bo understood that, with tlic exception of n fom stone churclics, built by the carly Portn- giicsc, as at Asurn, the teinples of Abyssinia arc merely round huts, divided as I have mentioned, and covcrcd by a conical roof of thatch, distingnisliablc only from the ordinary dwllings by being rather larger, somewhat more neatly made, and often surmounted by n quaintly fashioned iron cross, ,sometimes ornamented with ostrich eggs.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      It must be understood that, with the exception of a few stone churches constructed by the early Portuguese, such as those in Axum, the temples of Abyssinia are merely circular huts divided as I have mentioned and covered by a conical thatch roof, distinguishable from the ordinary dwellings only by being somewhat larger, somewhat more neatly made, and frequently surmounted by an oddly fashioned iron cross, occasionally embellished with ostrich eggs.
  • Tlic Christian element in Abyssinian Cliristianity is chiefly to be traced among tlic Cliurchmcn, in their extraordinary fondness for scliisms and theological clisputings, and among all classes, in the number- less saints, whose names are continually in tho mouths of tlie people.
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 22 Apr 23
       
      The Christian component of Abyssinian Christianity can mostly be found among Churchmen, who have a remarkable penchant for schisms and theological disagreements, and among all classes, who are inspired by the countless saints whose names are constantly spoken in conversation.
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Efforts of Missionaries among Savages.pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/0s8mvi Sindisiwe Gumede History 2A
shared by masindi0906 on 08 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • e are many missionaries so ignorant, or so knavish, that no work of this kind, howrever feasible, could prosper at their hands. E
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 08 Apr 23
       
      Reade says Missionaries are ignorant and knavish, preventing successful work.
  • t, more truthful, more sober, or more virtuous than their Pagan brethren. I founcl that my Christian servants, although they believed in Jesus, and refused to work on the Sabbath, ancl sang hymiis in a very high falsetto voice, made mental reservations about the eighth commandment; and their wives, according to all that I heard ancl saw, were equally ready to infringe the sev
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 08 Apr 23
       
      Reade says Christians refused to work on Sabbath, sang hymns, and infringed on seven commandments.
  • The missionaries allow that no moral change in their parishioners is perceptible to the nak
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 08 Apr 23
       
      Missionaries allow no moral change in their parishioners.
  • ...1 more annotation...
  • The Protestant Church in Africa excommunicates such of its members as may be polygamists ; and this alone will prevent Africa from becoming nominally
    • masindi0906
      masindi0906 on 08 Apr 23
       
      Excommunicating polygamists prevents Africa from becoming Christian.
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