Zulu population to provide labor in the diamond fields of South Africa.
Contents contributed and discussions participated by ka_molokomme
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Anglo-Zulu War (1879) * - 4 views
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federation
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The refusal to form part of the federation by king Cetshwayo led to the eruption of this war.
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the Battle of Intombe
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The Battle of Intombe (also Intombi or Intombi River Drift) was a small action fought on 12 March 1879, between Zulu forces and British soldiers defending a supply convoy.
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Zulu Kingdom king Cetshwayo refused to submit to British control
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Cetshwayo's refusal is justifiable as it lacks sense as to why would he want to be controlled whilst he was the king of the nation.
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Warfare, Political Leadership, and State Formation: The Case of the Zulu Kingdom, 1808-... - 3 views
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: Robert Carneiro's circumscription theor
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Robert's theory can be analyzed as In areas of circumscribed agricultural land, population pressure led to warfare that resulted in the evolution of the state
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Elman Service's theory of institutionalized leadership
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Situates the origin of state government in a process of institutionalization of centralized leadership
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state formation
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HIve kings
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The five kings are; 1. Dingiswayo 2. Shaka 3. Dingane 4. Mpande 5. Cetshwayo
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internecine
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military expedition
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communities and to bring them under a single governme
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egiments
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Refers to units of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units
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weakened the influence of territorially based kinship relation
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y centralizing power over the conquered
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were also conquered by the Mthethw
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proclaimed himsel
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Shaka an illegitimate son of the Zulu chief
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The reign of Shaka marks a crucial phase in the history of the Zulu Kingdom
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rained the army to encircle the enemy in a shield-to-shield formation so that rival warriors could be stabbed at the hear
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This is one exceptional form of training that proved to be very effective.
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assegai (a short thrusting spear)
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sorcerers
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Shaka also resorted to violence to neutralize the powers of the Zulu sorcerers so that he alone would have a monopoly on magical practices.
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This statement goes to project ideas of Shaka's practices as unjustifiable. I find it rather justifiable to some extent that he would want to have all the magical powers as opposed to them being possessed by just anyone, as this may pose threats to him as the leader of the nation.
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Shaka's wars resulted in the merging of some 300 formerly independent chiefdoms into the Zulu Kingdom.
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arbitrarily
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Refers to an arbitrary manner of acting, whereby, ideas of objectivity come to play.
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kinsmen treating Shaka's mother badly, and anybody arbitrarily chosen by Shaka could be seized and killed.
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I reckon that this action is justifiable, as killing the king's mother is more like undermining the king's authority and disrespecting it as well. This also goes to show the extent to which Shaka loved his mother. In Shaka's ruling times, respect of authority can be deduced as a vital factor in maintaining order in society.
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authoritarian
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Usage of this word further supports the narrative that Shaka's way of ruling was bad and he was some kind of a dictator that was overly cruel. Hence, I presume this narrative as ungrounded and immature to certain levels.
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grief were slaughtered, and Shaka proclaimed that sexual intercourse among his subjects was prohibited, no cows were to be milked, and no crops were to be planted for a period of one year. The regime of destruction and sacrifice finally affected the people's loyalty to Shaka and evoked mutiny among his people. In 1828, three conspirators, two of whom were brothers of Shaka? stabbed him to death. Dingane, one of the assassins and a brother of Shaka, then murdered his fellow conspirators and became the new king of the Zulu.
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In this case, the writers and researchers instead of trying to understand and study the reason behind Shaka's action they paint him with this staining paint of some ruthless being. I reckon that they failed to acknowledge the fact that one's actions or rather behaviour is subject to certain motives or issues. It could be that the passing of his mother did not sit well with him, and somehow clouded his judgement or so. It could also be that his actions are just him practising his African tradition of mourning whereby certain practices are not performed for a certain period of time. However, because the white writers have close to no knowledge to such African practices, they would just paint him as the ruthless and an unjust king.
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. The death of Shaka had brought about a weakening of central political order, so that different tribes unified under his rule now sought to remove themselves from Zulu autho
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r Mpa
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Mpande is a backstabber and somehow can be viewed as greedy for power. He lacks traits of family support and unification of society
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The Zulu kingdom as a genocidal and post-genocidal society, c. 1810 to the present 1.pdf - 2 views
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genocidal
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This relates to the act or rather the policy if genocide. Whereby there is a systematic killing of substantial number of people based off their ethnicity, religion or belief, and or nationality. Inn this case the Zulu kingdom practiced genocide internally amongst its people and arguably could be on the basis of belief.
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post-genocidal society
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Violence perpetrated by Africans against other Africans.
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white writers have used the image of the violent African to justify racism, slavery, and colonialism
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The concept of genocide in Africa, Zulu Kingdom in this case, has been utilized by white writers so push their own narrative about the continent which would justify such ideologies like racism as mentioned. This links with the concept discussed by Mudimbe in the Parker and Rathbone reading, on which the term 'exotic prism' comes to play.
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character assassinatio
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character assassination can 0ften at time be viewed or described as defamation of character as one's character or reputation is maliciously and unjustifiably harmed.
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Zulu kings was very real, and not nearly enough has been done to examine the causes and consequences of that violence.
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This highlights the limitedness of studies and research on African history, in particular the Zulu kingdom itself.
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Shaka
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The famously known king of the Zulu nation/kingdom, with a movie in his name and honor.
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Shaka and Dingane tended to be portrayed as unusually violent.
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The reason behind this narrative may be that, there was not enough study on the two kings or rather it could an issue of racism and prejudice to some extent. All these deductions were made only on the bases of alleged ideas and not factual ones.
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formidable
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The army was difficult to defeat, caused fear to opponents and thus commanding respect
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Mfecane
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reappraisal
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Refers to the reassessing of the value and factuality of the sources utilized to make the deductions that Shaka and Dingane were extremely bad people.
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textual incest.
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This relates to the fact that the two brothers, although half-brothers. This would maybe imply that since they're brothers then whatever they do would somewhat be the same as they all we kings and they had strict rulings and somewhat practiced genocide. The name of the article pertaining to the concept of 'textual incest' , Textual Incest: Nathaniel Isaacs and the Development of the Shaka Myth
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Shaka and Dingane
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Worse, Isaacs admitted to sensationalizing his own account and urging Fynn to do the same, while Bryant’s stated goal was to “clothe the dry bones” of the raw evidence he had gathered, and without any source citations it is impossible to determine what assertions were derived from oral traditions and which were the products of Bryant’s own imagination. 3
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This highlights the ideas of manipulation of historical studies and writings on the Zulu kingdom and furthermore the continent itself. Individual narratives and perspective can be pushed through this, worse if they're to be bias ones.
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The richest source of such African testimony is the James Stuart Archive, a collection housed in the Killie Campbell Africana Library in Durban and published in a series totaling five volumes so far. 4
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Substantiation of the notion raised by recent studies that white writers were bias in terms of their writings on African history.
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980s one historian argued that it was totally unreliable. James Stuart was, in fact, a racist, and there is no way of knowing how much of the archive was invented outright by Stuart to serve his own purposes in justifying white supremacy.
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The credibility of certain writings become questionable because of ideas of racism. A racist narrative may be pushed because of this. This directly affects the writings of white people( the writers).
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Image on The reading of an ultimatum to Zulu chiefs on Natal side of Drift Lower Tugela... - 2 views
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Frere ventured that if he could stage a short and successful campaign before his superiors could intervene, he would later be applauded for the successful outcome. Although the commission ruled in favor of the Zulus, the conditions attached to the verdict presented an ultimatum: the Zulus had 30 days to dismantle their military system or face the consequences. It was a cynical proposal, contrived only to be rejected, and on 11 January 1879 Lord Chelmsford's forces of the crossed the border into Zululand.
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The reading of an ultimatum to Zulu chiefs on Natal side of Drift Lower Tugela, 11 December 1878
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