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ipeleng

A Brief History of the Ivory Trade in Africa - 0 views

www.thoughtco.com/ivory-trade-in-africa-43350

ipeleng Sitwe 222054131

shared by ipeleng on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  •  Ivory has been desired since antiquity because its relative softness made it easy to carve into intricate decorative items for the very wealthy
  •  Ivory has been desired since antiquity because its relative softness made it easy to carve into intricate decorative items for the very wealthy
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      The demand was high for ivory because it was used for products like jewelry and religious art pieces
  • As Portuguese navigators began exploring the West African coastline in the 1400s, they soon entered into the lucrative ivory trade, and other European sailors were not far behind.
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      Ivory worth more in value and it was easy to make money. A lot of countries from surrounding and others from different continents participated in the ivory trade to enrich themselves
  • ...7 more annotations...
  • During the days of the Roman Empire, the ivory exported from Africa largely came from North African elephants
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      Ivory trade was one of the contributions why elephants went extinct. There was a large demand of ivory and that contributed to a lot of elephants getting killed in large numbers.
  •  In West Africa, trade focused on numerous rivers that emptied into the Atlantic, but in Central and East Africa, there were fewer rivers to use.
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      Shipping was one of the mode of transport for transporting ivory to other parts of Africa. But it had a limitation because there was no reliable route to use and there were few rivers that that went to the Central and East Africa
  • people were the primary movers of goods.
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      Since there was no suitable mode of transport for transporting the ivory, this only meant that people themselves will have to deliver the ivory to the buyers. This would need a lot of people who are going to be moving the goods to cover the demand.
  • The need for human porters meant that the growing trade of ivory and enslaved people went hand-in-hand, particularly in East and Central Africa.
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      This was when the introduction of slavery to the ivory trade came about. Since there was shortage of porters, this would mean that traders have to find slaves that are going to be the one doing the moving of the goods.
  • In the 1800s and early 1900s, European ivory hunters began hunting elephants in greater numbers. As demand for ivory increased, elephant populations were decimated. In 1900, several African colonies passed game laws that limited hunting, though recreational hunting remained possible for those who could afford the expensive licenses. 
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      As time went by and the demand for ivory increased, elephants were killed in large proportions leading to game laws being passed that limited people from hunting.
  • Poaching and the ivory trade continued, however.
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      The game laws did not stop people from illegally hunting elephants for ivory and they continued their trade by illegally obtaining the ivory
  • Many argue, though, that any legitimate trade in ivory encourages poaching and adds a shield for it since illegal ivory can be publicly displayed once purchased. It looks the same as legitimate ivory, for which their continues to be relatively high demand for both Asian medicine and decorative objects.
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      Legitimate or not, elephant killing is wrong on many levels because at the end the elephant population decreases leading to extinction of the elephants with no memory of existence
ipeleng

Smith__K__0869818015__Section3.pdf - 1 views

Ipeleng Sitwe 222054131

shared by ipeleng on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • the slave and ivory trade played a more crucial role in opening up routes and creating new demands and avenues. In the period up to 1880 the search for slaves and ivory, essentially extractive products, became so significant that other activities such as agriculture and manufacturing were neglected
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      During this time, there was a high demand in ivory and that meant that there had to be more workers being slaves. The traders had to enslave more people to work and cover the high demand and to also transport the goods in person as there were limitations to other modes of transport.
  • Fortunately for the Mozambican economy, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries the demand for slaves was rising
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      The rise in the demand of slaves was caused by the introduction of trades that needed workers
  • behind after the expira­ tion of their contracts. Fresh inputs of contract labour followed a period of great growth in the sugar industry in the 1850s, and by 1907 almost half a million Indians had been brought to Mauritius. At the same time the British refused to allow the French to import Indian labour to Reunion to extend the p
  • ...20 more annotations...
  • tracts. Fresh inputs of contract labour followed a period of great growth in the sugar industry in the 1850s, and by 1907 almost half a million I
  • 1907 almost half a million Indians had been brought to Mauritius. At the same time the British refused to allow the French to import Indian labour to Reunion to extend the plantations there. So the French
  • a to North African ports in order to be shipped to the Ottoman empire and to the East. Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows.
  • ra to North African ports in order to be shipped to the Ottoman empire and to the East. Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows
  • Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows.
  • Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows.
  • Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows.
  • Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows.
  • Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows.
  • n empire and to the East. Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows. The passage between Zanzibar and southern Arabia usually took between
  • Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows.
  • . Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows. The passage between Zanzibar and southern Arabia usually took between 30 and 35 days
  • Slaves and ivory were also brought from the interior to the east coast, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      Slaves were transported in large numbers in small boats. some would even die on the way because of overcrowding and the diseases that come with unhygienic spaces
  • st, where the Arabs bought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows. The passage between Zanzibar and southern Arabia usually took between 30 and 35 days. The short passage from Kilwa to Zanzibar took only 24 hours, so no food for slaves was taken aboard. If the winds failed and the boat was becalmed for a few days
  • ought them and transported them to Arabia and Persia in dhows. The passage between Zanzibar and southern Arabia usually took between 30 and 35 day
  • If one reason for vigorous trade between the coast and the interior was the greatly increased demand for slaves, the other reason was the increased demand for ivory.
  • Europe and America developed new uses for East African ivory. Knife handles had been made from the hard ivory of West Africa, but the softer East African ivory was better for billiard balls, piano keys and combs
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      These are some of the products that are made out of ivory
  • Throughout the nineteenth century demand was greater than the supply, and the price moved steadily upwards
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      Traders were making more profit since there were a lot of buyers and with the prices being high it is for their advantage if they are also matching the price standard.
  • slaves were used to transport the ivory to the coast as draught animals could not live in the tsetse-infested country.
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      This is why they needed more slavers so that they can personally transport the goods because animals could not withstand the tsetse-infested countries
  • .
    • ipeleng
      ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
       
      The growth of other countries was at the expense of other basically because Kilwa was able to attract trade from the same interior and that did not sit the Portuguese well because they could not control what they do. Their trade was also stimulated by the demand of slaves so they were the suppliers. Disagreements regarding the route that Yao was using to move their supplies and Makua started making things difficult for Yao to continue the trade using that route. END!
ipeleng

THE IVORY TRADE AND CHIEFDOMS IN PRE-COLONIAL MALAWI - 6 views

www.jstor.org/29779210

Ipeleng Sitwe 222054131

shared by ipeleng on 08 Mar 23 - No Cached
  • ujhistprof on 09 Mar 23
     
    Ipeleng, you need to tag correctly. I have no idea who you are so no one is going to be able to mark your work. Read the guidelines/ watch the videos to know how to tag correctly. Thanks.
  • ayabonga on 25 Apr 23
     
    the distinction between trade-based and tribute-based, political power seemed inappropriate in the Malawian content. ( Maravi back in the 18th and 19th century, then later changed to Malawi) The chiefdoms in Malawi was and is identified as a key source of elephant poaching due to several reasons. in the pre-colonial, many of the elephants were located near the wildlife locations where elephants were found, the chiefs had significant power and influence in the communities and could control and organise poaching activities. additionally some chiefs are believed to benefit financially from ivory poaching, either through direct involvement or through bribes from the poachers. the demand for ivory coincided with the opening up of east Africa by Arab traders and European explorers during the 19th century. although ivory was undoubtedly the " dominant export" from the region, it would be misleading to suggest that " the first trade of any dimensions involving central Africa was the trade for ivory . most of the elephant hunting , but not all being done by armed gangs of men using the imported muzzle, loading guns was devastating on the elephant population of central and east Africa. by the end of 19th century, the ivory trade was all but defunct even though it continued to have significant in a limited way until the present decade, although much of the hunting of elephant in Malawi now is illegal.
ipeleng

April 1876 - Document - Nineteenth Century Collections Online - 2 views

go.gale.com/...retrieve.do

Ipeleng Sitwe 222054131

shared by ipeleng on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
     
    This manuscripts highlights the importance of slavery during the ivory trade. The trade came with a lot of introductions like people transporting goods for themselves, the river also as a mode of transport. The high demand in ivory caused the traders to look for slaves that would do the transporting of the goods
ipeleng

Elephant Tusks with Brian Nicholson (1931 - 2010) | AfricaHunting.com - 1 views

www.africahunting.com/...brian-nicholson-1931-2010.6373

Ipeleng Sitwe 222054131

shared by ipeleng on 26 Apr 23 - No Cached
  • ipeleng on 26 Apr 23
     
    Throughout history, human desire for ivory to make products such as jewelry, religious art pieces has outmatched the efforts to stop killing African elephants for their tusks, hence this picture shows Africans and an American holding the largest ivory
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