Bacterial infection of diabetic foot (BIDS) usually are secondary and are the result of ulceration of the skin after trauma in the area of the nevropatičniâ foot. Divided into two subtypes: 1. superficial infections affecting the tissues above the superficial fascia and presented as cellulitis and Erysipelas or 2. Deep, which affects the superficial fascia (Necrotizing Fasciitis, moist gangrene), muscles (Myositis), bones (osteomyelitis) or joints (arthritis). Deep infections are more common than suspected clinically, run-heavy and require timely antibacterial and surgical treatment. Diagnosis of the BIDS based on the presence of at least two of the following signs: Eden, induration, Erythema around the lesion, soreness, increased local temperature or presence of puss. The severity of the infection is assessed according to the international consensus on the classification of diabetic foot infections.
Grade 1
Without subjective symptoms without clinical signs of infection
Grade 2-good
The presence of skin lesions (without involvement of deep tissues and without systemic involvement) with at least two of the following indications:
Increased local temperature E ritem > 0.5-2 cm around ukase Local sensitivity or pain Local edema or induration Purulent discharge ()
Degree 3-moderate
E ritem > 2 cm and one of the findings described above or An infection affecting the deeper structures of the skin and podkožie, like deep abscesses, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis or Fascistic No signs of systematic involvement by the inflammatory process (see level 4)
Grade 4 - severe
Other infections of the foot, with signs of a systemic inflammatory response, presented by at least two of the following characteristics: -Temperature > 38 ° C, 36 ° C or < -Pulse > 90 beats/min. -Respiratory frequency > 20/min. -P aC O2 < 32mmHg -Leukocytes 12.00 > or 4,000 per mm -10% immature forms
The most commonly isolated organisms are Gram-positive aerobic bacteria: s.aureus-self or rather associate with other bacteria, both superficial and deep BIDS. In chronic infections, isolate the predominantly gram-negative aerobic bacteria, primarily Antibacterial (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp). By prolonged hospitalization is often detected and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A serious and growing problem is the isolation of poly resistant bacteria, especially MRSA or p. and eruginosa. Epidemiology
About 15 to 25% of patients with diabetes develop ulkusi legs and roughly half of them are infected. Risk factors for BIDS are recurrent or chronic (> 30 days) ulkusi penetrate to the bone and the presence of peripheral vascular disease.
Grade 1
Without subjective symptoms without clinical signs of infection
Grade 2-good
The presence of skin lesions (without involvement of deep tissues and without systemic involvement) with at least two of the following indications:
Increased local temperature
E ritem > 0.5-2 cm around ukase
Local sensitivity or pain
Local edema or induration
Purulent discharge ()
Degree 3-moderate
E ritem > 2 cm and one of the findings described above or
An infection affecting the deeper structures of the skin and podkožie, like deep abscesses, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis or Fascistic
No signs of systematic involvement by the inflammatory process (see level 4)
Grade 4 - severe
Other infections of the foot, with signs of a systemic inflammatory response, presented by at least two of the following characteristics:
-Temperature > 38 ° C, 36 ° C or <
-Pulse > 90 beats/min.
-Respiratory frequency > 20/min.
-P aC O2 < 32mmHg
-Leukocytes 12.00 > or 4,000 per mm
-10% immature forms
The most commonly isolated organisms are Gram-positive aerobic bacteria: s.aureus-self or rather associate with other bacteria, both superficial and deep BIDS. In chronic infections, isolate the predominantly gram-negative aerobic bacteria, primarily Antibacterial (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp). By prolonged hospitalization is often detected and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A serious and growing problem is the isolation of poly resistant bacteria, especially MRSA or p. and eruginosa.
Epidemiology
About 15 to 25% of patients with diabetes develop ulkusi legs and roughly half of them are infected. Risk factors for BIDS are recurrent or chronic (> 30 days) ulkusi penetrate to the bone and the presence of peripheral vascular disease.
Article Resource by Melanie Addington
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