The lowest level of the Open Program Interconnection (OSI) model is the physical layer which signifies the physical media, these kinds of as Classification 5e cables and the Ethernet frame kind that is used to shift the binary info throughout the community. Due to the fact the info is binary, it is composed of two states that signify zeros and types: Zero is electrically off, and one is electrically on.
With the OSI design, the application layer is not involved with the bodily media of the community feel of it this way, people are not generally concerned with the underlying technological innovation utilised by their cellphone carriers, this sort of as analog, digital, 1x, Edge, 3G, or 4G, as prolonged as they can make calls. (If you are a geek, you almost certainly want 4G or are presently on it.)
So in the cellphone example, you could assume of the phone dialing and processing characteristics of the cellphone as the application layer, the cellphone's Digital Serial Number (ESN) or its Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) as currently being on the datalink layer, and the services sort (3G or 4G) as the physical layer.
The datalink layer cares about the underlying physical support type (a SIM-dependent mobile phone does not perform with ESN-based networks) even though at the application layer, it only cares that details it sends down the network layers crosses the community and is capable to converse with the contact processing application parts at the cellphone carriers' places of work.
The bodily networking layer could use any or all the variants (a/b/g/n) of 802.11 wireless systems, fiber, twisted pairs of copper wire (Cat4, Cat5, Cat6), cable (also copper wire, but different), satellite, or microwave. Once again, usually the user of the product does not care what the technology is as long as it moves the data bits at a fee that is enough for their demands for numerous end users, this does not want to be quite fast.
With the OSI design, the application layer is not involved with the bodily media of the community feel of it this way, people are not generally concerned with the underlying technological innovation utilised by their cellphone carriers, this sort of as analog, digital, 1x, Edge, 3G, or 4G, as prolonged as they can make calls. (If you are a geek, you almost certainly want 4G or are presently on it.)
So in the cellphone example, you could assume of the phone dialing and processing characteristics of the cellphone as the application layer, the cellphone's Digital Serial Number (ESN) or its Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) as currently being on the datalink layer, and the services sort (3G or 4G) as the physical layer.
The datalink layer cares about the underlying physical support type (a SIM-dependent mobile phone does not perform with ESN-based networks) even though at the application layer, it only cares that details it sends down the network layers crosses the community and is capable to converse with the contact processing application parts at the cellphone carriers' places of work.
The bodily networking layer could use any or all the variants (a/b/g/n) of 802.11 wireless systems, fiber, twisted pairs of copper wire (Cat4, Cat5, Cat6), cable (also copper wire, but different), satellite, or microwave. Once again, usually the user of the product does not care what the technology is as long as it moves the data bits at a fee that is enough for their demands for numerous end users, this does not want to be quite fast.
OSI Model Layer 1 - Physical Layer of OSI Model, OSI Model Layer 1 - Physical Layer of OSI Model, OSI Model Layer 1 - Physical Layer of OSI Model