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johnsonel7

Sensory perception | Science Features | Naked Scientists - 0 views

www.thenakedscientists.com/...derstanding-sensory-perception

sense perception brain science

shared by johnsonel7 on 01 Nov 19 - No Cached
  • Deciphering how the brain processes sight and hearing could have implications for how we understand and treat conditions such as dyslexia, autism and schizophrenia.
  • schizophrenia
  • Through a project called SENSOCOM, she is exploring how sensory perception affects communication, focusing on the brain’s deep subcortical structures.By doing this, she and her team are exploring a part of the brain traditionally excluded by research trying to understand communication impairments found in autism spectrum disorder and dyslexia, conditions which affect around 53 million people in Europe.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • To do this they have been focusing on the sensory pathways linked to these deep structures. She and her group discovered that adults with dyslexia have weaker pathway connections between a visual subcortical structure (the left visual thalamus) with an area of the cortex called V5/MT, which is critical for the perception of visual motion. In the auditory mode, there was a similar finding. The team discovered weaker connections between the left auditory thalamus and a cortex structure linked to auditory motion, which is important for speech perception. These connections could therefore be important for reading and for predicting reading skill, according to Dr von Kriegstein.
  • So how might this translate into helping people with dyslexia? This is basic science, says Prof. von Kriegstein, so first it’s crucial to understand the mechanisms behind communications disorders before developing therapy training tools, although she is optimistic these could lie within reach.
  • The way the brain encodes information and in turn directs perception of that sensory experience is a highly variable process.
  • The sensory overload or distorted and heightened perceptions described by schizophrenia patients, for instance, could relate to these deficits. Sensory dysfunction has also been linked to delusions and hallucinations as well as difficulties with attention and reading the emotions or tone of others – all of which can affect social interaction.
  • According to Dr Fellin, decreased connectivity between nerve cells (neurons) appears to play an important role in the progression of schizophrenia. So far, Dr Fellin and his group have identified which specific neurons influence sensory responses in mouse studies, but not yet in animal models of schizophrenia, with similar investigations in glial cells  - the supporting cells of the nervous system.
manhefnawi

Learning to Read as an Adult Changes Deep Regions of the Brain | Mental Floss - 0 views

mentalfloss.com/...ult-changes-deep-regions-brain

Evolution Language Regions of the Brain

shared by manhefnawi on 14 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • In the evolutionary history of humans, reading and writing are relatively new functions. As a result, in order to read written language, human brains have had to recruit and adapt parts of the visual system to interface with language centers. This is a process researchers have long believed occurred primarily in the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain. But in a new study where illiterate people in their thirties were trained to read over six months, researchers have discovered that reading actually activates much deeper brain structures as well, opening doors to a better understanding of how we learn, and possible new interventions for dyslexia. Their results were recently published in the journal Science Advances.
margogramiak

We hear what we expect to hear -- ScienceDaily - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...210108120110.htm

shared by margogramiak on 17 Jan 21 - No Cached
  • Despite senses being the only window to the outside world, people do rarely question how faithfully they represent the external physical reality.
  • Despite senses being the only window to the outside world, people do rarely question how faithfully they represent the external physical reality.
    • margogramiak
      margogramiak on 17 Jan 21
       
      We've questioned our senses A LOT in TOK!
  • the cerebral cortex constantly generates predictions on what will happen next, and that neurons in charge of sensory processing only encode the difference between our predictions and the actual reality.
    • margogramiak
      margogramiak on 17 Jan 21
       
      That's really interesting. We've touched on similar concepts, but nothing exactly like this.
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  • that not only the cerebral cortex, but the entire auditory pathway, represents sounds according to prior expectations.
    • margogramiak
      margogramiak on 17 Jan 21
       
      So, multiple parts of our brain make predictions about what's going to happen next.
  • Although participants recognised the deviant faster when it was placed on positions where they expected it, the subcortical nuclei encoded the sounds only when they were placed in unexpected positions.
    • margogramiak
      margogramiak on 17 Jan 21
       
      That's interesting. How will this research affect medicine etc?
  • Predictive coding assumes that the brain is constantly generating predictions about how the physical world will look, sound, feel, and smell like in the next instant, and that neurons in charge of processing our senses save resources by representing only the differences between these predictions and the actual physical world.
    • margogramiak
      margogramiak on 17 Jan 21
       
      I remember from class that the brain looks for patterns with its senses. Does that apply here?
  • e have now shown that this process also dominates the most primitive and evolutionary conserved parts of the brain. All that we perceive might be deeply contaminated by our subjective beliefs on the physical world."
    • margogramiak
      margogramiak on 17 Jan 21
       
      Perception is crazy...
  • Developmental dyslexia, the most wide-spread learning disorder, has already been linked to altered responses in subcortical auditory pathway and to difficulties on exploiting stimulus regularities in auditory perception.
    • margogramiak
      margogramiak on 17 Jan 21
       
      That's interesting. I can see why that would affect learning.
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