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manhefnawi

10 Common Flaws With How We Think - 0 views

www.forbes.com/...common-flaws-with-how-we-think

Logical Fallacy Thinking

shared by manhefnawi on 11 Jun 18 - No Cached
  • By nature, human beings are illogical and irrational.
  • survival meant thinking quickly, not methodically. Making a life-saving decision was more important than making a 100% accurate one, so the human brain developed an array of mental shortcuts.
  • these shortcuts -- called cognitive biases or heuristics -- are numerous and innate.
  • ...6 more annotations...
  • We can never totally escape them, but we can be more aware of them, and, just maybe, take efforts to minimize their influence.
  • "Our decisions... are guided by the perceived values at the moment of the decision - not by the potential final value."
  • we are biased against actions that could lead to regret
  • The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which we judge a person's character based upon our rapid, and often oversimplified, impressions of him or her.
  • Confirmation bias is the tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs.
  • Hearing or reading information that backs our beliefs feels good, and so we often seek it out.
silveiragu

Obama on 'coddled' college students - Business Insider - 0 views

www.businessinsider.com/oddled-college-students-2015-9

education confirmation_bias

shared by silveiragu on 21 Sep 15 - No Cached
  • President Barack Obama held a town hall on college access and affordability in Des Moines, Iowa, Monday
  • said students should not be "coddled" from opposing political viewpoints.
  • "That's not the way we learn, either," he said.
katedriscoll

Confirmation bias - 0 views

www.sciencedaily.com/...confirmation_bias.htm

shared by katedriscoll on 28 Mar 21 - No Cached
  • In psychology and cognitive science, confirmation bias (or confirmatory bias) is a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions, leading to statistical errors. Confirmation bias is a type of cognitive bias and represents an error of inductive inference toward confirmation of the hypothesis under study. Confirmation bias is a phenomenon wherein decision makers have been shown to actively seek out and assign more weight to evidence that confirms their hypothesis, and ignore or underweigh evidence that could disconfirm their hypothesis. As such, it can be thought of as a form of selection bias in collecting evidence.
ilanaprincilus06

Could a brain scan diagnose you as a psychopath? | Chris Chambers | Science | The Guardian - 0 views

www.theguardian.com/...n-diagnose-you-as-a-psychopath

psychopathology logical fallacies neuroscience scientific method

shared by ilanaprincilus06 on 01 Nov 20 - No Cached
  • Society is intrigued by psychopaths, at least from a distance. Hollywood paints them as powerful and emotionless predators – a small few who have embraced their inner dark passengers.
  • Psychopathy is of course a very real disorder and a lot more complex than portrayed on film.
  • What Fallon found was his own scan, which appeared to show reduced activity in a part of the brain associated with empathy. Based on this, and some genetic tests, Fallon concluded that he himself was a psychopath
  • ...12 more annotations...
  • One of the most obvious mistakes in Fallon’s reasoning is called the fallacy of reverse inference.
  • areas of the brain called the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex are important for empathy and moral reasoning. At the same time, empathy and moral reasoning are lost or impaired in many psychopaths.
  • The flaw with this argument – as Fallon himself must know – is that there is no one-to-one mapping between activity in a given brain region and complex abilities such as empathy. There is no empathy region and there is no psychopath switch.
  • these parts of the brain aren’t like hammers or screwdrivers that perform only one task. They’re more like Swiss army knives that have evolved to support a range of different abilities.
  • just because two things are associated with each other doesn’t mean one of them caused the other.
  • In neuroscience, confusing correlation with causation is close to unforgivable.
  • “The human understanding when it has once adopted an opinion…draws all things else to support and agree with it.” If we only seek to confirm rather than falsify our beliefs then we will find that we are always right – or at least it will seem that way.
  • This confirmation bias is one of the most powerful traps in reasoning because we all like to be right, and we prefer to be consistent.
  • By consistently interpreting weak evidence in favour of his beliefs, Fallon’s investigation is a case study in bias.
  • real advances require a self-critical mindset and a strict adherence to the scientific method.
  • it can be tempting to forget these rules and exploit logical fallacies that we think others won’t notice.
  • “The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool”.
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