There are some cause and remedies welding defects :
Inclusions
Cause:Failure to remove slag, Remedies: Clean surface and previous weld bead
Cause:Entrapment of refractory oxides, Remedies: Power wire brush the previous bead
Most material products contain residual stresses, often up to yield point. Pipe products, for example, are usually very highly stressed.
The tendency to develop residual stresses increases when the heating and cooling are localised.