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Benno Hansen

The mathematics of being nice - life - 21 March 2011 - New Scientist - 1 views

www.newscientist.com/...mathematics-of-being-nice.html

mathematics

shared by Benno Hansen on 11 Jun 11 - No Cached
  • direct reciprocity. This is when individuals have repeated interactions, so if I help you now, you may help me later
  • indirect reciprocity, which takes place in groups. If I help you, somebody else might see our interaction and conclude that I'm a helpful person, and help me later
  • cooperators survive in clusters. This is called spatial selection, and it plays an important role, not only for people but for bacteria, animals and plants
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • group selection: it may be that our group of cooperators is better off than another group of defectors
  • kin selection, which can occur when you help a close relative
  • I think that most uses of punishment are very much for selfish interests, such as defending your position in the group. Punishment leads to retaliation and vendettas. It's very rare that punishment is used nobly.
Benno Hansen

Why Cities Keep Growing, Corporations And People Always Die, And Life Gets Faster | Con... - 0 views

edge.org/...geoffrey-west

cities corporations growth complexity economy urbanism research statistics data physics vidoe Geoffrey West

shared by Benno Hansen on 05 Jan 12 - No Cached
  • you have to innovate faster and faster in order to avoid the collapse
  • The system will collapse, because eventually you would have to be making a major innovation, like you know, IT every six months. Well, that's completely crazy.
  • There's a theorem you can prove that says that if you demand continuous open growth, you have to have continuous cycles of innovation. Well, that's what people believe, and it's the way people have suggested that’s how you get out of the Malthusian paradox. This all agrees within itself but there is a huge catch.
  • ...3 more annotations...
  • We have open-ended growth, increase in pace of life, and the threat of collapse because of the singularity. But there's a big catch about this innovation. Theory says, sure, you can get out of collapse by innovating, but you have to innovate faster and faster.
  • It's great on the one hand that you have this open ended growth. But if you kept going, of course, it doesn't make any sense. Eventually, you run out of resources anyway, but you would collapse
  • One of the bad things about open-ended growth, growing faster than exponentially, is that open-ended growth eventually leads to collapse. It leads to collapse mathematically because of something called finite times singularity.
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