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revisesociology

How Sociology Notes Help To Do Structured Study of Sociology - 0 views

sooperposting.com/-structured-study-of-sociology

structured study of sociology how notes help

shared by revisesociology on 05 Apr 22 - No Cached
  • revisesociology on 05 Apr 22
     
    Are you searching for the best platform to do sociology studies? Then, you can end your search with us. Our website is known for the best sociology study materials that are easy to understand and easy to prepare for exams. We focus on students' basic needs and make them simple for students.
Daryl Bambic

Chapter 7. Deviance, Crime, and Social Control | Introduction to Sociology - ... - 0 views

opentextbc.ca/...iance-crime-and-social-control

shared by Daryl Bambic on 26 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • personality disorder
  • anti-social behaviour, diminished empathy, and lack of inhibitions.
  • term psychopathy is often used to emphasize that the source of the disorder is internal, based on psychological, biological, or genetic factors, whereas sociopathy is used to emphasize predominant social factors in the disorder: the social or familial sources of its development and the inability to be social or abide by societal rules (Hare 1999).
  • ...86 more annotations...
  • ociopathy
  • sociological disease par excellence.
  • Cesare Lombroso
  • positivist criminology who thought he had isolated specific physiological characteristics of “degeneracy”
  • James Fallon
  • lack of brain activity has been linked with specific genetic markers
  • environment, and not just genes
  • psychopathy and sociopathy are recognized as problematic forms of deviance because of prevalent social anxieties about serial killers as types of criminal who “live next door” or blend in.
  • we do not know our neighbours well
  • deviance is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law
  • Folkways
  • Mores
  • laws are norms that are specified in explicit codes and enforced by government bodies
  • rime is therefore an act of deviance that breaks not only a norm, but a law. Deviance can be as minor as picking one’s nose in public or as major as committing murder.
  • Firstly, deviance is defined by its social context. To understand why some acts are deviant and some are not, it is necessary to understand what the context is, what the existing rules are, and how these rules came to be established
  • Whether an act is deviant or not depends on society’s definition of that act
  • deviance is not an intrinsic (biological or psychological) attribute of individuals, nor of the acts themselves, but a product of social processes.
  • moral entrepreneurs
  • individuals’ deviant status is ascribed to them through social processes
  • even when these beliefs about kinds of persons are products of objective scientific classification, the institutional context of science and expert knowledge is not independent of societal norms, beliefs, and practices
  • Crime and deviance are social constructs that vary according to the definitions of crime, the forms and effectiveness of policing, the social characteristics of criminals, and the relations of power that structure society
  • social control,
  • organized action intended to change people’s behaviour
  • maintain social order,
  • enforcing rules are through sanctions
  • Positive
  • Negative
  • formal or informal
  • Formal sanctions
  • Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince (1532),
  • It was not, however, until the 19th century and the invention of modern institutions like the prison, the public school, the modern army, the asylum, the hospital, and the factory, that the means for extending government and social control widely through the population were developed.
  • disciplinary social control 
  • Foucault argues that the ideal of discipline as a means of social control is to render individuals docile.
  • The chief components of disciplinary social control in modern institutions like the prison and the school are surveillance, normalization, and examination
  • seeing machine.
  • rows of desks
  • one-way glass or video monitors.
  • normalization
  • examinations
  • disciplinary social control as a key mechanism in creating a normalizing society.
  • One way deviance is functional, he argued, is that it challenges people’s present views
  • which also contributes to society
  • crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control.
  • cial disorganization theor
  • A person is not born a criminal, but becomes one over time, often based on factors in his or her social environment.
  • Individuals who believe they are a part of society are less likely to commit crimes against it.
  • Attachment
  • Commitment
  • involvement,
  • belief,
  • studies have found that children from disadvantaged communities who attend preschool programs that teach basic social skills are significantly less likely to engage in criminal activity
  • strain theory
  • that access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in determining whether a person conforms or deviates.
  • Critical sociology looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance.
  • but as evidence of inequality in the system.
  • accommodatio
  • discrepancy between the reality of structural inequality and the high cultural value of economic success creates a strain that has to be resolved by some means.
  • consensus crimes
  • Conflict crime
  • Social deviations
  • social diversion
  • The second sociological insight
  • ndividuals are not born deviant, but become deviant through their interaction with reference groups, institutions, and authorities
  • t is not simply a matter of the events that lead authorities to define an activity or category of persons deviant, but of the processes by which individuals come to recognize themselves as deviant.
  • Once a category of deviance has been established and applied to a person, that person begins to define himself or herself in terms of this category and behave accordingly
  • The major issue is not that labels are arbitrary or that it is possible not to use labels at all, but that the choice of label has consequences.
  • Government refers to the strategies by which one seeks to direct or guide the conduct of another or others.
  • differential association theory, stating that individuals learn deviant behaviour from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.
  • White-collar or corporate crime
  • sociologist C. Wright Mills described the existence of what he dubbed the power elite, a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources.
  • their decisions affect everyone in society
  • The goal of the amendments was to emphasize that sexual assault is an act of violence, not a sexual act
  • secondary victimization
  • Women who are regarded as criminally deviant are often seen as being  doubly deviant. They have broken the laws but they have also broken gender norms about appropriate female behaviour, whereas men’s criminal behaviour is seen as consistent with their aggressive, self-assertive character
  • medicalize
  • n part the gender difference revolves around patriarchal attitudes toward women and the disregard for matters considered to be of a private or domestic nature
  • 1970s, women worked to change the criminal justice system and establish rape crisis centres and battered women’s shelters, bringing attention to domestic violence.
  • Interestingly women and men report similar rates of spousal violence
  • more a result of differential socialization processes.
  • Labelling Theory
  • Labelling theory examines the ascribing of a deviant behaviour to another person by members of society.
  • not so much by the behaviours themselves or the people who commit them, but by the reactions of others to these behaviours.
  • Secondary deviance can be so strong that it bestows a master status on an individual
  • Primary deviance is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others
  • Secondary deviance occurs when a person’s self-concept and behaviour begin to change after his or her actions are labelled as deviant by members of society.
  • The criminal justice system is ironically one of the primary agencies of socialization into the criminal “career path.”
Daryl Bambic

Microsoft Word - A--sbk.durkheim.doc.pdf - 1 views

diigo.com/082u9s

suicide Durkheim

shared by Daryl Bambic on 25 Oct 15 - No Cached
  • till, he insists that the external is necessarily primary to the existence of an individual belief 3or a choice.
  • Durkheim employs this characterization of social facts in The Rules to demonstrate that individuals are social beings, inextricably woven into the fabric of social processes
  • one cannot understand individual behavior without understanding the social forces acting upon that individual.
  • ...21 more annotations...
  • Each individual is born into a socially-organized network that both teaches and requires behavior and conforming beliefs
  • most part, individuals do not feel or recognize these coercive forces, and may attribute their choices and beliefs to internal processes
  • oercive influence of social organization on our morality and behavior both by describing what we are born into
  • e external is necessarily primary to the existence of an individual belief
  • born into familie
  • onstrained in every respect by the organization of law
  • ustoms of the societies in which we live. The businessman who tries to conduct business outside of the organized economy will fail
  • ules a
  • eligious leaders teach us what to believe and what to think about right and wrong
  • 4Similarly, the lack of strongly aligned family structures or political structure signals a dangerous lack of integration.
  • challenges the view held by psychologists of his time, who maintained that suicide could be explained by individual psychological characteristic
  • This pursuit of knowledge, however, is not the cause of suicide rates to rise. Rather, it signals a lack of integration of the religious society’s norms and values.
  • happy equilibrium
    • Daryl Bambic
      Daryl Bambic on 25 Oct 15
       
      A functionalist perspective
  • belongs to a weakly cohesive society, and experiences a change in regulation, usually during a period of rapid change or crisis.
  • or a choice
  • s he describes, for society to regulate individuals’ cohesion into the society, “the passions first must be limited” (248). This is usually done with an establishment of social codes, laws and rules.
  • Anomic suicide
  • either integrated nor regulate
  • e wants sociology to be more scientific and move from the realm of subjectivity to objectivity
  • primacy of the “social fact.
  • Anomic Suicide
  • Daryl Bambic on 25 Oct 15
     
    Some background information about Durkheim's idea of the social fact of suicide.
Daryl Bambic

» The Sociological Imagination Revisited The Sociological Imagination - 0 views

sociologicalimagination.org/...14301

sociological_imagination

shared by Daryl Bambic on 05 Nov 13 - No Cached
  • the popular mood was suffused with a strange sense of unease. It was a condition in which people were told by their papers, their screens, their politicians and ideologues that they lived in a state of freedom.
  • An American could be whoever they wanted to be and follow their own inclinations and desires. But the scope of this freedom was very much limited to every American’s private life
  • that all wasn’t safe and well
  • ...18 more annotations...
  • What the sociological imagination does is provide a way of thinking through and understanding social life, of how the inner lives of each of us as individuals are conditioned by social forces,
  • the imagination is also a ‘terrible’ realisation as it shows that our fate is largely something that is done to us, regardless of our choices.
  • rivate sphere
  • hat are its components?
  • How is society structured
  • What social groups hold sway
  • ow are they interrelated and mutually conditioning? How do they contribute to social persistence and social change? How does one society differ from another?
  • personal troubles
  • public issue
  • higher social scale
  • Mills’ thesis that unease and anxiety underlined the American (modern) condition
  • nsecurity, fatalism, fear for the future is a mass experience
  • social phenomenon
  • He argues that every age has a common intellectual denominato
  • zeitgeist
  • Consciously and unconsciously, social policy, sociology, emerging nationalisms, encouraged the view that relations between human beings were essentially an extension of the evolutionary struggle each and every species wages in the natural worl
  • Economists are forced to acknowledge the social dimension outside of their equations to explain the crash of 2008
  • sociological imagination is the habit of mind par excellence sociology as a discipline is stuck on the doldrums
dunya darwiche

Teenager's Search for Identity - 1 views

www.family-university.org/...search_identity.html

shared by dunya darwiche on 30 Sep 10 - No Cached
  • the fundamental task of adolescence is 'ego identity' or 'self-definition.'" (1969, p73) This does not suggest that a child entering adolescence has no concept of self, but it becomes the critical need of the teenager.
  • three stages of adolescent development: Early adolescence (ages 12 to 14), Mid-adolescence (ages 15 to 16), and Late adolescence (ages 17 to 21)." (1987, p20)
  • The brain is bombarded with questions about what to do about all of these feelings so new and so demanding
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • but many questions still remain. "What am I going to do with my life," and "Should I go to college or take a job."
  • There are many factors involved in a teenager forming that self-image or self-ideal.
  • rough adolescen
  • inherited traits
  • two ways
  • Families account for one of the largest areas of impact
  • structure and content of the values espoused by the family
  • young person may reject all or part of the parental value system
  • look around to replace it with one of their own
  • physical traits of the individual
  • Do they consider themselves too short or fat?
  • It would appear from autobiographical material, that the adolescent not only is acutely aware of every physical variation from his concept of what is normal or beautiful or handsome, but that is perhaps his most frequent frustration
  • physical deviation can be of great concern
  • to any young person
  • positive or negative
  • Anywhere that teens spend a large percentage of their time
  • spiritual life
  • Social and economic factors, geographic location, rebellion, television, movies, music, radio, books, hobbies, clubs, death of loved ones, divorce, remarriage, heroes, role models, and many more.
  • many other factors
  • re they popular, artistic, or athletic.
  • If they are seen by their peers as
  • he relationship between the teachers, coaches, and administrative personnel
  • Relationships with peers
  • Any group that teens belong, or adhere to, will affect their development of identity
    • dunya darwiche
      dunya darwiche on 30 Sep 10
       
      This web page is useful for our project becomes it talks about Teen identity and the steps and variables leading to teen identity.
    • dunya darwiche
      dunya darwiche on 30 Sep 10
       
      Can you imagine that the physical of a teen can have such a great impact on there self esteem that it changes the whole perception of themselves.
    • dunya darwiche
      dunya darwiche on 30 Sep 10
       
      We often forget about spiritual life and the presence of religion in a teen's life. It is also a great and important factor on identity.
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