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dunya darwiche

Teenager's Search for Identity - 1 views

  • the fundamental task of adolescence is 'ego identity' or 'self-definition.'" (1969, p73) This does not suggest that a child entering adolescence has no concept of self, but it becomes the critical need of the teenager.
  • three stages of adolescent development: Early adolescence (ages 12 to 14), Mid-adolescence (ages 15 to 16), and Late adolescence (ages 17 to 21)." (1987, p20)
  • The brain is bombarded with questions about what to do about all of these feelings so new and so demanding
  • ...27 more annotations...
  • but many questions still remain. "What am I going to do with my life," and "Should I go to college or take a job."
  • There are many factors involved in a teenager forming that self-image or self-ideal.
  • rough adolescen
  • inherited traits
  • two ways
  • Families account for one of the largest areas of impact
  • structure and content of the values espoused by the family
  • young person may reject all or part of the parental value system
  • look around to replace it with one of their own
  • physical traits of the individual
  • Do they consider themselves too short or fat?
  • It would appear from autobiographical material, that the adolescent not only is acutely aware of every physical variation from his concept of what is normal or beautiful or handsome, but that is perhaps his most frequent frustration
  • physical deviation can be of great concern
  • to any young person
  • positive or negative
  • Anywhere that teens spend a large percentage of their time
  • spiritual life
  • Social and economic factors, geographic location, rebellion, television, movies, music, radio, books, hobbies, clubs, death of loved ones, divorce, remarriage, heroes, role models, and many more.
  • many other factors
  • re they popular, artistic, or athletic.
  • If they are seen by their peers as
  • he relationship between the teachers, coaches, and administrative personnel
  • Relationships with peers
  • Any group that teens belong, or adhere to, will affect their development of identity
    • dunya darwiche
       
      This web page is useful for our project becomes it talks about Teen identity and the steps and variables leading to teen identity.
    • dunya darwiche
       
      Can you imagine that the physical of a teen can have such a great impact on there self esteem that it changes the whole perception of themselves.
    • dunya darwiche
       
      We often forget about spiritual life and the presence of religion in a teen's life. It is also a great and important factor on identity.
Daryl Bambic

Chapter 7. Deviance, Crime, and Social Control | Introduction to Sociology - ... - 0 views

  • personality disorder
  • anti-social behaviour, diminished empathy, and lack of inhibitions.
  • term psychopathy is often used to emphasize that the source of the disorder is internal, based on psychological, biological, or genetic factors, whereas sociopathy is used to emphasize predominant social factors in the disorder: the social or familial sources of its development and the inability to be social or abide by societal rules (Hare 1999).
  • ...86 more annotations...
  • ociopathy
  • sociological disease par excellence.
  • Cesare Lombroso
  • positivist criminology who thought he had isolated specific physiological characteristics of “degeneracy”
  • James Fallon
  • lack of brain activity has been linked with specific genetic markers
  • environment, and not just genes
  • psychopathy and sociopathy are recognized as problematic forms of deviance because of prevalent social anxieties about serial killers as types of criminal who “live next door” or blend in.
  • we do not know our neighbours well
  • deviance is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law
  • Folkways
  • Mores
  • laws are norms that are specified in explicit codes and enforced by government bodies
  • rime is therefore an act of deviance that breaks not only a norm, but a law. Deviance can be as minor as picking one’s nose in public or as major as committing murder.
  • Firstly, deviance is defined by its social context. To understand why some acts are deviant and some are not, it is necessary to understand what the context is, what the existing rules are, and how these rules came to be established
  • Whether an act is deviant or not depends on society’s definition of that act
  • deviance is not an intrinsic (biological or psychological) attribute of individuals, nor of the acts themselves, but a product of social processes.
  • moral entrepreneurs
  • individuals’ deviant status is ascribed to them through social processes
  • even when these beliefs about kinds of persons are products of objective scientific classification, the institutional context of science and expert knowledge is not independent of societal norms, beliefs, and practices
  • Crime and deviance are social constructs that vary according to the definitions of crime, the forms and effectiveness of policing, the social characteristics of criminals, and the relations of power that structure society
  • social control,
  • organized action intended to change people’s behaviour
  • maintain social order,
  • enforcing rules are through sanctions
  • Positive
  • Negative
  • formal or informal
  • Formal sanctions
  • Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince (1532),
  • It was not, however, until the 19th century and the invention of modern institutions like the prison, the public school, the modern army, the asylum, the hospital, and the factory, that the means for extending government and social control widely through the population were developed.
  • disciplinary social control 
  • Foucault argues that the ideal of discipline as a means of social control is to render individuals docile.
  • The chief components of disciplinary social control in modern institutions like the prison and the school are surveillance, normalization, and examination
  • seeing machine.
  • rows of desks
  • one-way glass or video monitors.
  • normalization
  • examinations
  • disciplinary social control as a key mechanism in creating a normalizing society.
  • One way deviance is functional, he argued, is that it challenges people’s present views
  • which also contributes to society
  • crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control.
  • cial disorganization theor
  • A person is not born a criminal, but becomes one over time, often based on factors in his or her social environment.
  • Individuals who believe they are a part of society are less likely to commit crimes against it.
  • Attachment
  • Commitment
  • involvement,
  • belief,
  • studies have found that children from disadvantaged communities who attend preschool programs that teach basic social skills are significantly less likely to engage in criminal activity
  • strain theory
  • that access to socially acceptable goals plays a part in determining whether a person conforms or deviates.
  • Critical sociology looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance.
  • but as evidence of inequality in the system.
  • accommodatio
  • discrepancy between the reality of structural inequality and the high cultural value of economic success creates a strain that has to be resolved by some means.
  • consensus crimes
  • Conflict crime
  • Social deviations
  • social diversion
  • The second sociological insight
  • ndividuals are not born deviant, but become deviant through their interaction with reference groups, institutions, and authorities
  • t is not simply a matter of the events that lead authorities to define an activity or category of persons deviant, but of the processes by which individuals come to recognize themselves as deviant.
  • Once a category of deviance has been established and applied to a person, that person begins to define himself or herself in terms of this category and behave accordingly
  • The major issue is not that labels are arbitrary or that it is possible not to use labels at all, but that the choice of label has consequences.
  • Government refers to the strategies by which one seeks to direct or guide the conduct of another or others.
  • differential association theory, stating that individuals learn deviant behaviour from those close to them who provide models of and opportunities for deviance.
  • White-collar or corporate crime
  • sociologist C. Wright Mills described the existence of what he dubbed the power elite, a small group of wealthy and influential people at the top of society who hold the power and resources.
  • their decisions affect everyone in society
  • The goal of the amendments was to emphasize that sexual assault is an act of violence, not a sexual act
  • secondary victimization
  • Women who are regarded as criminally deviant are often seen as being  doubly deviant. They have broken the laws but they have also broken gender norms about appropriate female behaviour, whereas men’s criminal behaviour is seen as consistent with their aggressive, self-assertive character
  • medicalize
  • n part the gender difference revolves around patriarchal attitudes toward women and the disregard for matters considered to be of a private or domestic nature
  • 1970s, women worked to change the criminal justice system and establish rape crisis centres and battered women’s shelters, bringing attention to domestic violence.
  • Interestingly women and men report similar rates of spousal violence
  • more a result of differential socialization processes.
  • Labelling Theory
  • Labelling theory examines the ascribing of a deviant behaviour to another person by members of society.
  • not so much by the behaviours themselves or the people who commit them, but by the reactions of others to these behaviours.
  • Secondary deviance can be so strong that it bestows a master status on an individual
  • Primary deviance is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual’s self-image or interactions with others
  • Secondary deviance occurs when a person’s self-concept and behaviour begin to change after his or her actions are labelled as deviant by members of society.
  • The criminal justice system is ironically one of the primary agencies of socialization into the criminal “career path.”
msigal

Teen Suicide Link 2 (Matt Sigal) - 0 views

  •  
    Currency: - January 2015, fairly recent. - Topic doesn't change very rapidly. Relevance: - It takes about a lot of factors, it answers many questions on the topic. Such as what you should do if you know somebody that is about to do it. - Mentions how to get help. - I was unaware that carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the main ways for a teen to end their life. Accuracy: - No known false statements. - No grammar errors. Authority: - The author is Roy Benaroch, MD. - He has written 2 published books, completed Emory University. - He was certified in pediatrics in 1997. Purpose: - To inform.
Catherine Delisle

Peer Pressure and Teens - 1 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This page could really help Dunya and I in our research because it really helps us see the other side of peer pressure. It explains that their is two different sides of presure: a negative and positive one. Also, it talks about factors that can influence our project.
  • It is important to remember that teenage friends can have a positive influence on your children, you should therefore help them find friends that have similar interests and views as those you are trying to develop in your children, including doing well in school, having respect for others and avoiding drug use, smoking and drinking, etc.
  • How successfully you handle peer pressure depends a great deal on how you feel about yourself and your place in the world. There are certain "risk factors" for peer pressure, personality traits that make you more prone to give in to peer pressure.
    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This point is really important because it explains how peer pressure can influence different people. If you have a higher confidence, you won't be as influenced by peer pressure than if you have very low self confidence.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      While I appreciate that you are learning about your topic reading this, I don't think this site helpful for the project because it's credibility is questionable. Be ready to defend it.
  • ...5 more annotations...
  • Peer Pressure is two types; such as positive and negative peer pressure.
    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This point is also really important because it helps my partner and I to see that there are two different types of pressures: some are negative and some are positive. They can influence someone in two drastically different ways.
  • Gender and age are factors
  • Younger teens are more easily influenced than older teens, with peer pressure peaking in about eighth or ninth grade
  • confidence level, personality and degree of maturity make a difference.
  • The need for acceptance, approval, and belonging is vital during the teen years.
sydney goldman

Are Women More Generous Than Men | Women and Philanthropy: A Literature Review | Center... - 0 views

  • Are Women More Generous Than Men?
    • sydney goldman
       
      this publication talks about empathic response based on gender and giving to charity. it includes many dates and names concerning experiment previously done that can prove or deny information that is stated. she states that the amount of money that is to be given is a big factor as well, quote: "men are more generous when it is cheap, but women are more generous when it is more expensive to give." In the end she states that it goes way further than just gender, quote: "single females, married men, and married women are significantly more likely to be donors than single men."
  • In the economics literature, Andreoni and Vesterlund (2001) seminal study demonstrated that the question of “Who is more generous?” is complicated. Their study differences in the “demand curves for altruism” where men are more responsive to the price of giving (pg. 1). They conclude that men are more generous when it is cheap to give, but women are more generous when it is more expensive to give.
jonah-e

Chapter 08 - Deviance and Crime - 0 views

  • xactly who has the power and authority to define the behavior as being normal or deviant.
  • education
  • religions,
  • ...60 more annotations...
  • governments,
  • media
  • family
  • Durkheim argued that deviance, especially extreme forms are functional in that they challenge and offend the established norms in the larger collective conscience.
  • deviance reaffirms norms when the deviants are punished;
  • promotes solidarit
  • clear contrasting point of comparison
  • stimulates social change.
  • Extreme deviance does make us consider “normal” behavior on the personal and larger social level.
  • But, what if this distribution was not an indicat8ion of test scores, but rather the frequency of times potential roommates stole food from the private stashes of previous roommates? You’d clearly want a score closer to 0 than 80.
  • National studies indicate that less than 5 percent of the United States population considers itself to be exclusively homosexual.
  • s homosexuality deviant or normal?”
  • “Does that make it more or less common and therefore more or less deviant?” I ask.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Think about the relationship of these two ideas: common (so mean) and normal (so deviant).
  • actor violates group norms but complies with the law, it is deviance.
  • how can something be deviant and normal at the same time?”
  • We rarely have total agreement on what’s normal
  • ethnocentrism tends to burn cross-cultural bridges
  • across time; across cultures, and from group to group.
  • shifting values.
  • Deviance varies between cultures because values vary between cultures.
  • ontributed to higher or lower levels of trust over time.
  • The point of this story is that in most social groups a beat down would be considered deviant. In a gang it’s very much normal. Yet, in this situation, not beating him down was deviant within his gang, yet a wise choice.
  • Absolutist Perspective claims that deviance resides in the very nature of an act and is wrong at all times and in all places.
  • Normative Perspective claims that deviance is only a violation of a specific group's or society's rules at a specific point in time
  • Reactive Perspective claims that behavior does not become deviant unless it is disapproved of by those in authority (laws
  • Stigma
  • deviance is a violation of a norm
  • Conformity
  • “random act of senseless kindness”
  • legal and normal
  • complies with group norms yet breaks the law, it’s called crime.
  • normal crime.
  • As mentioned, deviants and criminals make us reassess our values and make new rules and laws
  • crime is often found in every society
  • iolates norms and breaks the law, then it’s Deviant and Criminal behavior
  • Power Elite are the political, corporate, and military leaders of a society are uniquely positioned to commit Elite Crimes, or crimes of insider nature that typically are difficult to punish and have broad social consequences upon the masses.
  • issues of power and powerlessness. It’s about who has the power and how they attempt to force their values and rules upon those who don’t have it.
  • remember that Anomie is a state of social normlessness which occurs when our lives or society has vague norms)
  • disproportionately high level of non-whites who ended up among the 2006 1,570,861 incarcerated members of society
  • Labeling Theory claims
  • majority of US prisoners have been in prison before (perhaps 60-80%
  • Phrenology is an outdated scientific approach of studying the shape and characteristics of the skull.
  • White-Collar Crimes are crimes committed by persons of respectable and high social status committed in the course of their occupations.
  • Street Crimes are crimes
  • Organized Crime
  • Hate Crimes
  • Norm is a set of expected behaviors for a given role and social status.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Do you agree with this definition?  Can you see what the consequences of this might be?
    • jonah-e
       
      yes. and the consequences might be that since you always excpect the excpected you will never excpect the unexcpected. 
  • Look at the diagram below.
  • Is a mean of 80 good or desirable?
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Think of 80, or the mean, as the norm.  When you think of it this way, is it desirable?
  • That depends on what these scores represent.
  • Values also vary between groups
  • An absolutists would probably fall among the 1 in 4 who feel that abortion is always wrong, because it is an unacceptable act. A normative individual would consider the circumstances (rape, incest, diagnoses, or health of mother) while a reactive would consider the legality of abortion.
  • In every society when deviance is considered it is most often controlled.
  • Control is easier if attachments, commitment, involvement, and beliefs are stronger.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      The absence of this is called 'anomie' and signals the breakdown of a society. Sociologists would call this the loss of social cohesion.  
  • Attachments
  • Commitment
  • Involvement
  • Belief
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Think of these four factors that favor control of deviance in terms of your school.  How does each one of these manifest itself in school life?  Are they effective in reducing deviant behaviour?
  • Negative Sanctions are punishments or negative reactions toward deviance. Positive Sanctions are rewards for conforming behavior
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      What type of sanctions, both positive and negative, do we see at WIC?
  • Table 5. Robert Merton’s Five Goal—Means Gap Coping Strategies*** 1.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Don't worry about this section.
Catherine Preston

Chapter 09 - Stratification - 0 views

  • Layers occur almost everywhere in nature: in tissues of the human body, rock formations in the ground, atmospheres around the earth, and in societies of every nation on the earth. We call these layers strata and the process of layering stratification.
  • Social Stratification is the socio-economic layering of society's members according to property, power, and prestige. Property is all the wealth, investments, deeded and titled properties, and other tangible sources of income. Power is the ability to get one's way even in the face of opposition to one's goals. Prestige is the degree of social honor attached with your position in society.
    • Catherine Preston
       
      What makes the layers are the gaps between the haves and the have-nots as well as the gaps of the different economic classes.
  • ...25 more annotations...
  • here are layers of social stratification in every society
  • here are the "haves" who coexist with the masses or "Have nots."
  • he PRB uses a measure of relative economic well being called the GNI PPP. The GNI PPP is the gross national income of a country converted to international dollars using a factor called the purchasing power parity.
  • lets you understand how much a person could buy in the US with a given amount of money, regardless of the country's currency.
  • That means the stratification difference between the world's top five countries is over 149 times higher than the bottom 5 countries.
  • The US ranks high $45, 840 per capita (per person) but is the 6th wealthiest behind Luxembourg, Norway, Kuwait, Brunei, and Singapore.
  • More Developed Nations are nations with comparably higher wealth than most countries of the world including: Western Europe; Canada, United States, Japan, and Australia-these are also called Now Rich Countries.
  • lso called Now Poor Countries.
  • Africa is the poorest region with the average person making less than 1/10th of what the average US person makes.
  • Again Luxembourg at $64,400 has a score over 20 times higher than Africa's; 11 times higher than Asia (Excl. China); and 7 times higher than Latin America.
  • The higher the GNI PPP the better off the average person in that country
  • Females made much less income than males in all categories.
  • The Hispanic category is lowest for males and females.
  • Asians had the highest personal income for both sexes (Data for Asians was not reported prior to 2004).
  • The first thing you see is that dual-earner marrieds (both husband and wife work in labor force) by far have the highest income levels between 1990 and 2006.
  • husband only in labor force) comes in next followed closely by single males
    • Catherine Preston
       
      This is a great example of how the value of a woman as capital does not lie in income because it is inferior to male's 
  • In sum, the females with the highest income are married.
  • Single females reported the lowest income
  • Basically, the higher the education, the higher the annual income in 2007.
  • higher for Whites and Asians
  • Blacks and Hispanics
  • Official data begin to tell you the story about how the layers look in a society.
  • Over 40 percent of Hispanics, African Americans, and Native Americans dropped out.
  • In the US, non-Whites, non-Asians, and non-males are more likely to be found in the lower layers.
Catherine Delisle

Main Causes Of Peer Pressure - 2 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This page could be really useful because it speaks of the different factors that can CAUSE a child/teenager to be pressured by peers. It explains how the way of upbringing a child is a crucial aspect. The environment is also very important.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      You need to include some highlights of the most important ideas on the page.
  • First of all, a child need not get pressurized by their peers. If they are cool, if they are confident and if they are sure of themselves, they will not break and crack under pressure. This comes only from healthy upbringing. A child starts to think that their friends are better if they were constantly compared to others by their own parents. Also, children with older siblings, who are bullies, can fall under peer pressure.
    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This section of the text is very interesting because it says that the upbringing of a child is a crucial aspect. Their parents behaviour is also very important to the way they will respond to peer pressures. Their relationships with their families are very important.
  • A child's low self confidence and low self esteem are the biggest reasons for coming under peer pressure. Another common reason is if the parent is extremely strict, then the child may find the constant urge to do something wrong. However, all roads lead to the parents' way of upbringing. The environment at home has a big impact on children. Though for a teenager their friends have a bigger impact on them than the parents, it is the parents who have set the foundation.
    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This section explains the importance of a high self esteem in a child/teenager. Also, it speeks of the role parents play in the development of character in children/teens. There is an aspect of rivalry that teenagers have; the stricter the parent, the more the teen contradicts them.
  •  
    Not a credible site for your research.
Jamie Eichenbaum

Conscience and Authority - 0 views

    • Jamie Eichenbaum
       
      Extremely interesting article. Not only does it give another summary of Stanley Milgram's experiment but it even compares it to human history. By using the example of the Nazi dominance during World War II, this article uses the Milgram Experiment to help readers understand why so many people obeyed the Nazis during the World War. This is beneficial to mine and Jordana's project as it gives us another useful example to include in our research. What differentiates this example from many we have found is that the Nazi reign over Europe was a huge event in world history thus this example showed us that the power of authority can be so powerful that it leaves a mark in the history of mankind. In addition, it can be used not only to influence one individual but gigantic groups of individuals as well, to go against what they believe is right.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      excellent site.
  • In view of the Milgram experiments, the Nazi crimes are not difficult to understand. Milgram himself suggested that one of the major factors accounting for the Holocaust was the ready propensity of human beings to obey authorities even when obedience is wrong. Indeed, although Milgram's experiment has been repeated dozens of times with many different groups of people, the results are always the same: most people will obey external authority over the dictates of conscience.
    • Jamie Eichenbaum
       
      This section further discusses the rapport between the Milgram Experiment and the Nazi reign in Europe. Additionally , it explains something I felt was very intriguing. It explains that Milgram's Experiment has been repeated numerous times and the results that appear are consistent: the majority of people will obey an authority figure even when they feel that they are making a wrong decision.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Make sure that you take into consideration that Milgram was making analogies to the Nazi regime and not explaining it. The important difference was the prevalence of FEAR in the latter.
Catherine Delisle

Peer Pressure and Teens by Nevia David - 1 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This web page can be very effect for our project because it explains the different factors and variables that can influence our research. It is important for us to obtain the right variables, which is what this article resumes for us.
  •  
    Credibility is questionable.
Catherine Delisle

Child Research Net - Resources - Brown University Newsletter - 1 views

    • Catherine Delisle
       
      This website is extremley useful for my partner and I because it explains the consequences of peer pressure, which is our research subject. It is based on numerous, very credible researches such as the Zill research. It also explains the role that the parents have in preventing peer pressure as well as the factors that influence our generation to be much more pressured than the previous generation. Lastly, it explains that peer pressure does not only come from peers, but also from the parents' role and the role of media.
    • Daryl Bambic
       
      Looks good. Oct 31
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