the theoretical novelty the early Presocratic thinkers such as Thales
and Anaximander and ends to the late Neoplatonic and Aristotelian
commentators such as Simplicius and Philoponus
What is the origin of the Universe? What is the nature of Cosmos?
Is there any transcendental reality beyond perceptual existence? Is there
any true knowledge? Is there any ethical standard for good life?