Sikhs in India

Q: What kind of government does Sikhism promote? A: Sikhism promotes democracy and the belief that the welfare of people is best secured by their elected representatives. The principle rule of the Khalsa includes electing 5 individuals as the head of the state. Only the unanimous decision agreed by all 5 individuals as the head of the state shall materialize. The reason is that a single head of the state such as one president can make mistakes and become convoluted in his judgment but unanimous decision by 5 heads of the state guarantees more accurate and ethical decision. This is a good example of true democracy. Sikhism also believes in contributing to the society. The gulf between the more fortunate and the less fortunate has to be bridged. The Guru established the Free Kitchen (Langar) which serves the purpose of breaking the caste system and feeding the poor. Sikhism does not believe in capitalism and promotes sharing your wealth with poor. No one should be left hungry or deprived of any necessity for living.

In a woman man is conceived, From a woman he is born, With a woman he is betrothed and married, With a woman he contracts friendship. Why denounce her, the one from whom even kings are born ? From a woman a woman is born, None may exist without a woman." 5

At the time of Guru Nanak, Indian women were severely degraded and oppressed by their society. Given no education or freedom to make decisions, their presence in religious, political, social, cultural, and economic affairs was virtually non-existent.3 Woman was referred to as "man's shoe, the root of all evil, a snare, a temptress."4 Her function was only to perpetuate the race, do household work, and serve the male members of society. Female infanticide was common, and the practice of sati, the immolation of the wife on her husband's funeral pyre, was encouraged, sometimes even forced.

With this assertion, the Sikh Gurus invited women to join the sangat (congregation), work with men in the langar (common kitchen), and participate in all other religious, social, and cultural activities of the gurudwaras (Sikh places of worship). The Gurus redefined celibacy as marriage to one wife and taught that male and female alike need to practice conjugal fidelity. They advocated marriage of two equal partners. Guru Amar Das, the third guru, wrote :

Kesh Uncut hair, which is kept covered by a distinctive turban. Kesh are a traditional symbol of holiness in India, and the turban is a symbol of leadership.

Kirpan A ceremonial sword, symbolizing readiness to defend the defenseless, and defend one's faith against persecution. The kirpan is normally worn on a cloth belt called a gatra. The kirpan exemplifies the warrior character of a Sikh.

A wooden comb, symbolizing cleanliness and order. The kangha is used to keep the hair clean. As a Sikh combs their hair daily, he or she should also comb their mind with the Guru's wisdom.

Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469-1538) in the 15th Century and he received a vision to preach the way to enlightenment and God. He taught a strict monotheism, the brotherhood of humanity

Sikhs think religion should be practiced by living in the world and coping with life's everyday problems. The most important thing in Sikhism is the internal religious state of the individual.

Sikhism stresses the importance of doing good actions rather than merely carrying out rituals Sikhs believe that the way to lead a good life is to: keep God in heart and mind at all times Live honestly and work hard Treat everyone equally Be generous to the less fortunate Serve others

Goal: The goal of every Sikh is to build a close, loving relationship with God.

Deity: Sikhs believe in a single, Formless God, with many names, who can be known through meditation. his concept is similar to Islam whose followers believe in a single God who has 99 names. The Mool Mantar, the first hymn composed by Guru Nanak, is recited daily by many Sikhs. It contains a description of many of the attributes of God: There is only one God; His Name is Truth; He is the Creator; He is without fear; He is without hate; He is beyond time (i.e. is immortal); He is beyond birth and death; He is self-existent. 1 Only he can be worshiped. Rahras, a Sikh evening prayer states: "[O God] since I have fallen at your feet, I do not care for anybody else. I do not follow the religious ways preached by various religions believing in Ram, Mohammed, Puran or Qur'an. The Simritis, Shastras and the Vedas lay down different doctrines. But I do not recognize any of these. O God, I have written these hymns with your grace and kindness. All that has been said is in fact spoken by you." 2

Reincarnation: They believe in samsara (the repetitive cycle of birth, life and death), karma (the accumulated sum of one's good and bad deeds, and reincarnation the belief of a rebirth following death. These beliefs are similar to Hinduism.